Pythagorean Quadratic Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Pythagorean Quadratic - Speech or Presentation Example Ahmed has half of a fortune map, which shows that the fortune is covered in the desert 2x + 6 paces from Castle Rock. Vanessa has the other portion of the guide. Her half shows that to discover the fortune, one must get the opportunity to Castle Rock, walk x paces toward the north, and afterward walk 2x + 4 paces toward the east. On the off chance that they share their data, at that point they can discover x and spare a ton of burrowing. What is ‘x’? Since the Pythagorean Theorem is given by c2 = a2 + b2 at that point, every one of the articulations ‘x’, ‘2x + 4’, and ‘2x + 6’ speaking to the sides of the correct triangle which encases the course to the lost fortune might be connected to the Pythagorean condition with the end goal that (2x + 6)2 = x2 + (2x + 4)2 where ‘2x + 6’ paces alludes to the proportion of the longest side. At that point extending the binomials (2x + 6)2 and (2x + 4)2 yields 4x2 + 24x + 36 and 4x2 + 16x + 16, individually. After joining like terms in the compound condition shaped, the subsequent condition turns out quadratic with x2 - 8x - 20 = 0. By calculating the trinomial, x2 - 8x - 20 turns into the item (x - 10) * (x + 2). Through zero-factor property, each factor might be likened to zero to have x - 10 = 0 and x + 2 = 0, correspondingly. Illuminating totally, ‘x’ can be detached on one side of every condition, turning out to be x = 10 and x = - 2. It is coherent to utilize positive qualities, so for this situation, take x = 10. This implies from Castle Rock to where the fortune is covered, Ahmed can walk 2*(10) + 6 or 26 paces to get to the fortune or Vanessa can walk 10 paces traveling north first then 2*(10) + 4 or 24 paces going east to be brought to the fortune spot. Clearly, ‘Pythagorean Theorem’ demonstrates valuable in taking care of the predefined issue which might be placed into a representation of a shut three-sided figure. Since there are separations secured northward and eastbound, a

Chemistry Study Guide

Science: Study Guide * Question 1 10 out of 10 focuses | According to VSEPR hypothesis, which one of the accompanying atoms ought to have aâ bentâ shape? Answer| | Selected Answer:|   Cl2O| | * Question 2 10 out of 10 focuses | According to the VSEPR hypothesis, the sub-atomic state of SiCl4 isAnswer| | Selected Answer:|  â tetrahedral. | * Question 3 10 out of 10 focuses | According to the VSEPR hypothesis, the state of the SO3 molecule isAnswer| | Selected Answer:| trigonal planar. | * Question 4 10 out of 10 focuses | Balance the accompanying condition utilizing the littlest arrangement of entire numbers, at that point include the coefficients. Remember to tally coefficients of one. ___ Al + ___ H2SO4 > ___ Al2(SO4)3 + ___ H2 The aggregate of the coefficients isAnswer| | Selected Answer:|  â 9. | * Question 5 10 out of 10 focuses | Consider the species Cl2+, Cl2, and Cl2?. Which of these species will be paramagnetic? Answer| | Selected Answer:|   Cl2+ and Cl2? | * Questio n 6 10 out of 10 focuses | what number O particles are there in 51. 4 g CaSO4?Answer| | Selected Answer:|  â 9. 09 ? 1023| | * Question 7 10 out of 10 focuses | what number covalent bonds will a nitrogen particle typically structure? Answer| | Selected Answer:|  â 3| | * Question 8 10 out of 10 focuses | what number grams of Cl2â can be set up from the response of 16. 0 g of MnO2 and 30. 0 g of HCl as indicated by the accompanying compound condition? MnO2 + 4HCl > MnCl2 + Cl2â + 2H2OAnswer| | Selected Answer:|  â 13. 0G| | * Question 9 10 out of 10 focuses | what number grams of sodium are there in 10. g of sodium sulfate, Na2SO4?Answer| | Selected Answer:| 3. 2| | * Question 10 out of 10 focuses | In which of the accompanying would the holding beâ weakenedâ with the expansion of an electron to shape the negative sub-atomic particle? Answer| | Selected Answer:|   N2| | * Question 11 0 out of 10 focuses | In which of these sets of particles would the bond ha ve theâ greatestâ percent ionic character (I. e. , generally polar)? Answer| | Selected Answer:| c-oâ â s-o fâ€f| | * Question 12 10 out of 10 focuses | Indicate the sort of cross breed orbitals utilized by the focal particle in PCl3.Answer| | Selected Answer:|  â sp3| | uestion 13 10 out of 10 focuses | The F? S? F bond edges in SF6 areAnswer| | Selected Answer:|  â 90â ° and 180â °. | * Question 14 10 out of 10 focuses | The Lewis speck image for the a lead particle isAnswer| | Selected Answer:|  â | Not A| | * Question 15 10 out of 10 focuses | The Lewis structure for CS2 is:Answer| | Selected Answer:|  â | | * Question 16 10 out of 10 focuses | The quantity of pi securities in the atom underneath is Answer| | Selected Answer:|  â 3| | Question 17 10 out of 10 focuses | The quantity of reverberation structures for the nitrate particle that fulfills the octet rule isAnswer| | Selected Answer:| 3| | Question 18 Question 18 10 out of 10 focuses | The stat e of the CS2 molecule is best depicted asAnswer| | Selected Answer:|  â linear. | * Question 19 0 out of 10 focuses | What is the conventional charge on sulfur in the best Lewis structure for the SCN? (thiocyanate) particle? Answer| | Selected Answer:|  â ? 1 +2 - 2+1| | * Question 20 10 out of 10 focuses | What kind of synthetic bond holds the iotas together inside a water particle? Answer| | Selected Answer:|   Polar covalent bond Question 2110 out of 10 focuses | When 22. 0 g NaCl and 21. 0 g H2SO4 are blended and respond as indicated by the condition underneath, which is the constraining reagent? 2NaCl + H2SO4 > Na2SO4 + 2HClAnswer| | Selected Answer:| | * Question 22 10 out of 10 focuses | Which of the accompanying effectively records species all together ofâ increasingâ bond length? Answer| | Selected Answer:|   O2+ ; O2â ; O2? | * Question 23 0 out of 10 focuses | Which of these particle is theâ mostâ electronegative? Answer| | Selected Answer: |   P| | Question 24 10 out of 10 focuses | Which of these mixes is destined to be ionic? Answer| | Selected Answer:|   KF| | * Question 25 10 out of 10 focuses | Which of these components is well on the way to show an extended octet in its mixes? Answer| | Selected Answer:| s| | * Question 26 0 out of 10 focuses | Which of these ionic solids would have the biggest cross section vitality? Answer| | Selected Answer:|   CaBr2NaF, NaCl| | * Question 27 10 out of 10 focuses | Which of these sets of components would be well on the way to frame an ionic compound? Answer| | Selected Answer:|   Cl ; Mg| | * Question 28 10 out of 10 focuses | Which of these substances will show an inadequate octet in its Lewis structure? Answer| | NO| | uestion 29 10 out of 10 focuses | Which reaction incorporates all the atoms beneath that don't observe the octet rule? (1) H2S        (2) BCl3        (3) PH3        (4) SF4Answer| | Selected Answ er:|  â (2) and (4)| |

The Best Custom Writing Company Is One That Can Provide You With Well-Written Content

The Best Custom Writing Company Is One That Can Provide You With Well-Written ContentIf you've decided to hire a company to create the content for your website, you'll want to make sure you find the best custom writing company to work with. If you know what your needs are, this is one of the most important decisions you'll ever make.Writing content for a website is a very technical thing. It involves knowing all of the technical aspects of SEO and website design. It also involves understanding what your readers want and need. You don't want to hire a company that can't write good content, since this will only damage your business in the long run.Your best bet is to go with a writing company that specializes in the type of content you'll be creating. This means they know how to use the tools such as search engine optimization, back links, and keyword research. They'll know how to optimize each page on your website to get maximum exposure.A good writing company won't just sit down and create content for you. This means that they have an extensive background in technical writing. They know how to create informative articles that your readers will want to read.This is important because your writing should be written to target the product or service that you offer. Instead of simply trying to sell your products or services, your writing should be geared towards your audience.If you write content for your website and it is not targeted to the right audience, it won't do you any good. Instead of losing your readers, you'll get frustrated and simply give up.The best custom writing company will be able to handle all of these issues. They will be able to provide you with content in a format that can be easily read by search engines. They will be able to provide you with well-written content that will still be useful to your readers.If you're not getting the quality of writing you need, your best bet is to go with a writing company that can provide you with the best conte nt possible. You don't want to pay a company to do something poorly. You want to pay a good company for the best possible writing.

The Detrimental Effects of Smoking Essay - 956 Words

One can have the necessary servings of fruit and vegetables, or exercise daily but healthy actions mean little if one continues to smoke. The message, â€Å"don’t smoke, it’s bad† might be a clichà © now, but not everyone has given it the attention it requires. When one puts the killing thing in their mouth, and lights it, they are giving the cigarette the power to do the killing. Smoking is one of the greatest causes of disease and death worldwide due to the infinite amount of harsh, and injurious chemicals inhaled. There are more than 4000 chemicals in tobacco smoke, many of which are poisonous and a minimum of 60 of those chemicals are cancerous. When the tobacco smoke is exhaled, there is some tar that is placed in the lungs and the tiny hair†¦show more content†¦The researchers were also focusing on explaining why secondhand smoking has half the risk of smoking 20 cigarettes per day and it’s correlation with heart disease. The researchers ca rried out five sets of analyses using published data. First, they analyzed 19 acceptable studies on the risk of ischaemic heart disease in lifelong non-smokers who live with a smoker and those who don’t live with a smoker. They saw that non-smokers who live with smokers increased their exposure both inside and outside the home. The researchers divided statistics on the never smokers according to whether their spouses currently smoked or had never smoked, disregarding ex-smoker spouses. They calculated the average risk according to age and sex. Furthermore, to determine the risk associated with low dosage of smoking, the researchers analyzed the dose response relation between smoking and ischaemic heart disease from studies of men who were selected due to their large size. In each study, the smoker had been divided into three or four categories according to the number of cigarettes smoked. In the third analysis, the researchers determined how much of the excess risk of ischae mic heart disease is reversible many years after stopping smoking. Fourthly, because people exposed to environmental tobacco smoke eat less fruit and vegetables, this is associated with an increased risk of ischaemic heart disease. Finally, platelet aggregation was another actor that could’ve had an impact on theShow MoreRelatedWith The Increase In Access To Scientific Research And1288 Words   |  6 Pagesresearch and media, people today are faced with a dual standard on the issue of smoking tobacco. It is stigmatized to be irresponsible and detrimental to health, yet the â€Å"cool† characters on movies and televisions are shown smoking cigarettes. In some cases, smoking is also seen as a path to adulthood. But due to smoking’s overwhelming detrimental effects on the smoker and the people around him or her, the â€Å"coolness† of smoking should be reconsidered as a moral failing instead. Although the idea of sinsRead MoreShould Smoking Be Public Places ?1055 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Smoking is hateful to the nose, harmful to the brain, and dangerous to the lungs.† -King James I, royalty. Picking up a cigarette, is equivalent to putting a limitation on life. Sadly, numerous people will perform this activity anywhere they are, even where there are signs that read â€Å"no smoking.† Prohibit smoking in public places due to the fact that it can affect others health, pregnancy, and even harm their own body. People should be more aware of the effects smoking has on everyone, not justRead MoreSmoking Is Harmful Or Harmful? Essay1721 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract: Smoking is obviously harmful to one’s health. The smoke inhaled never leaves the body as it found it. Nicotine in the smoke is very addictive. Engaging in this dangerous act at an early age is far more dangerous to a teenager’s life and trims out at least ten years of their future lives by causing premature deaths. As we take a few steps back into the origin of smoking, the reasons the ancients held for it and the recent effects disclosed related to smoking, it is expected that the teenagerRead MorePersuasive Essay On Smoking707 Words   |  3 PagesThe sound of a cough rings throughout the park. The foul stench of thousands of chemicals wafts through the air. Peering around, the culprit is spotted; a man smoking on a nearby bench. Smoking has long since been regarded as one of the number one avoidable causes of death (Pietrangelo Cherney, 2017). Tobacco is one of the most widely-used recreational drugs in the world and although most countries put age restrictions on its use, over a billion adults smoke tobacco legally every day. As wellRead More Smoking and The Human Body Essay examples1467 Words   |  6 Pages Smoking is a bad habit which plagues the young, as well as the old. It is the largest source of preventable mortality in North America1. Not only does smoking lead to an early grave, but it can also influence ones daily life. Many studies have revealed links between smoking and reduced endurance capacity2. Nicotine, the addictive agent found in cigarettes, can also be used to control weight gain. Both of these factors can have considerable effect on the sporting world. There have been many studiesRead MorePrevention And Treatment Of Periodontal Disease1607 Words   |  7 Pagesoverhangs and orthodontic appliance. Systemic risk factors include diabetes, genetic and smoking. Smoking is an important risk factor for the initiation and progression of periodontal diseases and a number of researches have demonstrated the detrimental effect of smoking on patient’s periodontal status as well as their response to periodontal treatment. Content of cigarette Smoking has widespread systemic effects as it contains over 4000 toxic chemicals including Benzene, Formaldehyde and Ammonia.Read MoreIt Is Never Too Late To Quit Smoking. Smoking Is A Habit1348 Words   |  6 PagesIt is never too late to quit smoking. Smoking is a habit that many Americans have even into their old age. However, smoking is not a healthy habit it effects your brain, heart, lungs and throat, it can cause cancer, as well as COPD. Not only does smoking lead to chronic diseases, but has many effects on the aging process. In older adults, they see a lower quality of life due to a lifelong of smoking. Although smoking in old age has become less popular, the generation of baby boomers is going to changeRead MoreThe Harmful Effects Of Smoking And Smoking1380 Words   |  6 Pagestime they light a smoke. Some of the harmful effects of smoking include various potentially lethal diseases to the smoker and others exposed to secondhand smoke, the sinful addiction caused by a ke y ingredient in cigarettes, and social issues smoking causes for smokers and their loved ones. Smoking should be prohibited completely because of the harmful physical and social effects it has on smokers and the non-smokers they associate with. First of all, smoking creates a number of health problems for smokersRead MoreThe Unhealthy Lifestyle1214 Words   |  5 Pagescancer each year. It is estimated that cigarette smoking explains almost 90% of lung cancer risk in men and 70 to 80% in women†. (Walser, et al., 2008).An unhealthy lifestyle is one of the major contributors to almost every disease, illness and health issue that we are facing in this country and the whole world today as well. It becomes worse in the Malaysian society. There are several unhealthy lifestyles among Malaysians: bad eating habits, smoking habits and bad social habits. One of the examplesRead MoreTobacco Addiction : The Strong Craving For The Addictive Substance Nicotine1356 Words   |  6 Pagesthe country, and its effects are one of the leading causes of death in the United States. I have had many family members develop serious health concerns due to their tobacco addiction and know personally what a horrible thing it is. All of my grandparents have smoked in the past and two of them have serious problems that came from the effects of their tobacco addiction. Tobacco addiction is a serious problem, so in this essay I will be expanding on it, and its many causes, effects and treatments.

Analysis Of Alfred Hitchcock s I Confess - 1542 Words

I believe that in I Confess, the first four minutes is not only the most important, but it also relates back to the rest of the film perfectly. In the beginning of I Confess the audience is shown several shots of the beautiful povince of Quebec to emphasize the location and then we see a murder and a confession occur in the same night. In this essay, I m going to be analyzing the mise-en-scene, cinematography, and sound of the cinematic masterpiece I Confess by Alfred Hitchcock. Father Michael Logan is an extremely holy character in I Confess as he discovers one night during an out of the ordinary confession that one of his parishioners (Otto Keller) has murdered a wealthy member of the community (Vilette). Keller is a desperate German†¦show more content†¦They are greeted with musical stabs each time they appear and add suspense as the audience wonders that the signs are pointing at. The fourth time the direction sign shows up, the camera pans to the right and looks into a window. The open window reveals Vilette s dead body and the music escalates very quickly. The suspense in the first 45 seconds of this film is expertly crafted and although the murderer is revealed directly after, it leaves the audience curious. Beside the corpse is the murder weapon (a blunt instrument) and you can clearly see Vilette s head bleeding at the top, revealing how he was murdered. From the image of Vilette s body, the camera pans to the doorway where the beaded curtain is left swinging showing the audience that someone has just left the crime scene. Next, the audience sees a man in a priest s clothes hurrying down the sidewalk late at night. The lighting is very important in this shot as it sets a very serious, ominous tone. The character also looks over his shoulder hastily as if he s worried someone might see him. The camera goes to a wide shot to show that two young girls are right behind Keller as he briskly walks away from his crime. Then the shot fades into Kelle r walking towards the camera down an alleyway. The lighting is still extremely gloomy and shadowy as he takes off into a dark corner. The next shot has a revealing as Keller takes off his priest clothing and he looks around suspiciously.

Socialism and Capitalism Free Essays

Difference Between Socialism and Liberalism †¢ Categorized under Ideology,Politics | Difference Between Socialism and Liberalism Socialism vs Liberalism The terms ‘socialism’ and liberalism’ are used a lot nowadays, and many people often mistake one for the other. In order to differentiate between these two terms, one must keep in mind the clear-cut differences by defining the prevailing ideology of each term. The tenets of socialism assert that the state should wield total economic power by manipulating prices of goods and wages of workers. We will write a custom essay sample on Socialism and Capitalism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Furthermore, socialism requires people to submit to the rule of law. In return for their compliance, citizens are provided with resources rationed by the government. On the other hand, liberalism is more challenging to define since it is further divided into classical and modern liberalism. Classical liberalism states that the government should take control of an institution in order to ensure that it continues to be of service to the people, free of charge. Classical liberalism does not see any need for the government to enforce law and order and subjugate its citizens under the iron rule of law and order. However, modern liberalism veers away from this ideology by adding a new twist. Modern liberalism asserts that aside from ensuring economic and political security, it is also the government’s job to interfere with people’s day-to-day affairs in order to maintain social security. Modern liberalism, in effect, can be compared to socialism, because both of them assert that the government can effectively uplift its citizens not only by seizing control of the economy or private institutions, but also by keeping a close watch on citizens to ensure that none of them become subversive. Many modern-day politicians have been supporting modern liberalism because they believe that the government can solve all problems once it is granted total power. These politicians point out the inequality of different classes in society, and propose reforms that at first seem to favor the poor and marginalized, but in the end just grants the government reason to extend its powers to curtail private interests. And even though liberals seem to advocate reforms to improve government policy, they are still embracing the same old political structure to further their own ambitions. The late U. S. President Franklin Roosevelt himself defined liberalism as the ‘saving grace for the far-sighted conservative,’ and also ‘reform what you want to preserve. ’ Capitalists and supporters of democracy believe that socialism and modern liberalism are detrimental to economic progress. Because prices of goods and wage of workers is controlled directly by the government, privately-owned companies and institutions cannot flourish under a socialist or modern liberalist government. People who value freedom of speech and human rights likewise oppose socialism and modern liberalism, because they believe that such ideologies limit a citizen’s right to choose which products to buy, what job to take, what religious belief to espouse. Even though modern liberalism is more subtle and suave than socialism, it still ends up giving too much power to the government in the guise of economic, political, and social security. Summary 1. Socialism says that only by granting the state total economic and political power can economic progress and equality among citizens be attained. . Classical liberalism says that the state should only take over an institution to ensure that citizens can freely benefit from that particular institution’s services. Classical liberalism does not require the thorough enforcing of law and order to reach economic progress and equality. 3. Modern liberalism says that the state should interfere not only in economic or political affairs, bu t also in social affairs, such as day-to-day activities of its citizens. In effect, modern liberalism ceases to be associated with classical liberalism, and instead becomes similar to socialism. How to cite Socialism and Capitalism, Papers

Phonemic Awareness free essay sample

Phonemic awareness is not phonics. Phonemic awareness is an understanding about spoken language. Children who are phonemically aware can tell the teacher that bat is the word the teacher is representing by saying the three separate sounds in the word. They can tell you all the sounds in the spoken word dog. They can tell you that, if you take the last sound off cart you would have car. Phonics on the other hand, is knowing the relation between specific, printed letters (including combinations of letters) and specific, spoken sounds. You are asking children to show their phonics knowledge when you ask them which letter make the first sound in bat or dog or the last sound in car or cart. The phonemic awareness tasks that have predicted successful reading are tasks that demand that children attend to spoken language, not tasks that simply ask students to name letters or tell which letters make which sounds. We will write a custom essay sample on Phonemic Awareness or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Recent longitudinal studies of reading acquisition have demonstrated that the acquisition of phonemic awareness is highly predictive of success in learning to read in particular of successful reading acquisition. Programs for teaching phonics often emphasize rules rather than patterns and focus on separate sounds, called phonemes. In contrast, the most effective and efficient phonics instruction focuses childrens attention on noticing letter/sound patterns in the major components of syllables: that is, on noticing the letter/sound patterns in initial consonants and consonant clusters and in the rime, which consists of the vowel of a syllable plus any following consonants, such as -ake, -ent, -ish, -ook (Moustafa, 1996). Conventional blending and segmentation instruction improves the ability to manipulate phonemes. When instruction emphasizes phoneme manipulations, children learned what they were taught. In contrast, teaching beginners about phoneme identities does not seem to enhance phoneme manipulation skill. Kindergarten children with explicit instruction in phonemic awareness did better than a group of first graders who had no instruction, indicating that this crucial pre-skill for reading can be taught at least by five and is not developmental (Cunningham). Precursory phonological awareness skills such as rhyming and alliteration can emerge in informal contexts before school and are seen in young children who can neither read nor spell (Snow, 1991; van Kleeck, 1990). A general order for the emergence of phonological awareness abilities begins with rhyming and alliteration; segmenting sentences into words; followed by segmenting words into syllables; followed by segmenting words into phonemes. Fox Routh; Ehri, Holden MacGinities; Huttenlocher; Liberman; Liberman, Shankweiler, Fisher Carter) Phonemic awareness alone is not sufficient. Explicit, systematic instruction in common sound-spelling correspondences is also necessary for many children (Adams, 1988; Ball Blackman, 1991; Byrne Fielding-Barnsley, 1990; Foorman et al, in press; Mann, 1993; Rack, Snowling Olson, 1992; Snowling, 1991; Spector, 1995; Stanovich, 1986; Torgeson et al. in press; Vellutino, 1991; Vellutino Scanlon, 1987a; Foorman, Francis, Novy Liberman, 1991. ) Expl icit, systematic instruction in sound-spelling relationships in the classroom was more effective in reducing reading difficulties than a print-rich environment characterized by interesting stories, even with children who had benefited from phonemic awareness instruction in kindergarten. Foorman, Francis, Beerly, Winikates, and Fletcher, in press) Research has established a correlational, if not causal relation between phonological awareness and reading (Eric Sweet, 1991; Mason Allen, 1986; Sulzby Teal, 1991; van Kleeck, 1990) Young childrens awareness of onsets (the initial consonant of a word or syllable) and rimes (everything after the initial consonant in a one-syllable word or in syllables, traditionally referred to as phonograms or word families) is related to success in beginning reading. (Goswami, 1988, 1990; Goswami Bryant, 1994). Effective phonics instruction focuses childrens attention on noticing the letter/sound patterns in initial consonants and consonant clusters and in rimes (the vowel of a syllable, plus any consonants that might follow). Focusing on rimes rather than on vowels alone is particularly important in helping children learn to decode words. (Adams, 1990) Research shows that all proficient readers rely on deep and ready knowledge of spelling-sound correspondence while reading, whether this knowledge was specifically taught or simply inferred by students. Conversely, failure to learn to use spelling/sound correspondences to read and spell words is shown to be the most frequent and debilitating cause of reading difficulty. Many children learn to read without any direct classroom instruction in phonics. But many children, especially children from homes that are not language rich, do need more systematic instruction in word-attack strategies. Well-sequenced phonics instruction early in the first grade has been shown o reduce the incidence of reading difficulty even as it accelerates the growth of the class as a whole. Given this, it is probably better to start all children, most especially in high-poverty areas, with explicit phonics instruction. Such an approach does require continually monitoring childrens progress both to allow those who are progressing quickly to move ahead before they become bored and to ensure that those who are having difficulties get the assistance they need. Sulzby and Teale (1991) noted that while phonological awareness has long been tied to research and practice in the teaching of phonics and other decoding skills, it has been neglected in emergent literacy due to the tendency to view phonological awareness research as traditional and bottom-up theory. The dimensions of phonological awareness are represented by a range of difficulty. From easiest to hardest the range of difficulty is as follows: rhyme, auditory discrimination, phoneme blending, word-to-word matching, sound isolation, phoneme counting, phoneme segmentation, and phoneme deletion. Yopp, 1988) Young children are competent at analyzing spoken words into onsets and rimes but not into phonemes when onsets or rimes consist of more than one phoneme. (Calfee, 1977; Goswami Bryant, 1990; Liberman, et al. , 1974; Treiman, 1983, 1985) Young children who are beginning to read make analogies between familiar and unfamiliar print words to pronounce unfamiliar print words and that the y make these analogies at the onset-rime level rather than at the phonemic level. (Goswami, 1986, 1988) Classroom Implications One of the most important foundations of reading success is phonemic awareness. Phonemes are the basic speech sounds that are represented by the letters of the alphabet, and phonemic awareness is the understanding that words are sequences of phonemes. Phonemic awareness is demonstrated by the ability to identify and manipulate sounds within spoken words. Children can learn to assemble phonemes into words as well as break words into their phonemes even before they are writing letters or words. Giving children experience with rhyming words in the preschool years is an effective first step toward building phonemic awareness. Hearing rhymes, and then producing rhymes for given words, requires children to focus on the sounds inside words. Rhyming activities initiate phonemic awareness. The reading and rereading of books with clear, simple rhymes offer abundant and fun opportunities for direct instruction in rhyming and the beginnings of phonemic awareness. Phonemic awareness is an insight about oral language. There is evidence to suggest that the relation between phonemic awareness and learning to read is reciprocal: phonemic awareness supports reading acquisition, and reading instruction and experiences with print facilitate phonemic awareness development. Young childrens awareness of onsets (the initial consonant of a word or syllable) and rimes (everything after the initial consonant in a one-syllable word or in syllables, traditionally referred to as phonograms or word families) is related to success in beginning reading. Therefore children should be taught to identify and manipulate these sound units. Children in kindergarten should be introduced to common phonograms. In addition to building phonemic awareness, providing instruction with phonograms also prepares children for reading words by analogy. Instruction in both phoneme identity and phoneme manipulation are valuable. After the children have caught onto how letters cue the phonemes of spoken words, learning to manipulate phonemes by blending and segmentation manipulations will likely help beginners progress into sequential decoding. Instruction in phoneme identities is likely of greater value than manipulation instruction for children who have not yet demonstrated alphabetic insight. Activities focused on the identities of individual phonemes, which make these phonemes familiar and memorable, and which help children recognize their identities in words could well be incorporated into early literacy programs that contain other activities we know to be helpful in preparing children to read. Phonological awareness and letter recognition contribute to initial reading acquisition by helping children develop efficient word recognition strategies (e. g. , detecting pronunciations and storing associations in memory. ) Children need opportunities to understand and manipulate the building blocks of spoken language.