Marketing Mix Dell

marketing opporunities & MARKETING MIX ASSIGNMENT LENOVO VS DELL BRANDS: Lenovo:The company was founded in 1984 by a group of eleven engineers, headed by Liu Chuanzhi, in Beijing. This company had become the biggest PC manufacturer of domestic and distributed third party products through its wholesale business. Today,these two companies lenovo and IBM are united under the Lenovo name. With Lenovo's landmark acquisition of IBM's Personal Computing Division in May 2005, the new Lenovo is a leader in the global PC market and products serving enterprises and consumers the world over. Dell:Dell Computer was founded as PC's Limited in 1984 by university student Michael Dell. The company was so successful that within two years PC's Limited had distribution offices in Europe, and changed it's grammatically-incorrect name to Dell Computer Corporation. Selling assembled computers from his dormitory room, By 1991, seven years after selling it's first computer, Dell Computer Corporation was listed in the Fortune 500. Dell was one of the first companies to offer computers for mail order via the Internet. The Dell Coupon program made many Internet models cheaper than other brands, and continues to be popular to this day. MARKET SEGMENTS From homepage of Lenovo , we can see, there are two main part of his market segments : Professional-grade and Lifestyle. Professional-grade like server computer , the top-level desktop and laptops. These products always make for the professional staff or hardcore players (hot game players). They are very expensive , more than fifteen thousands RMB. But lifestyles are cheaper and closed to our wallet . You can only pay about five thousands RMB. To dell, they are divided into four levels. For home. For small and medium business For public sector and For large enterprise. So we can chose the right level that is perfect for us. From above-mentioned, we can see Dell is more refinement than lenovo and so convenient that chose we need from their homepage. Lenovo's computers on the main advantage reflected in the price for China's national conditions, but Dell's computers main advantage is personalized for each consumer to customize their computers. DELL is primarily direct online marketing, so he saved a lot of middle cost in the links, so if the same price DELL is better than the Lenovo’s . But Lenovo is the state-owned brand, he has the town level dealers , so warranty is more convenient . Even though dell and his similar products in the high cost, but he has little dealers, and only at the provincial level can warranty. DISTRIBUTION: Both of them are global multinational corporations. They operate in the world, products are sold in all countries. Lenovo is headquartered in New York, Purchase. Two main operations center set up in Beijing and North Carolina. The sales network of Lenovo's throughout the world. Lenovo has more than 19,000 employees in the world. Lenovo,the largest IT supplier of China, is making moves to consolidate its distribution channels nationwide to streamline its sales in retail sectors and spark profitability. Dell has 13 markets in the region to carry out linear order business at present. Including Australia, Brunei, China, Hong Kong, India, Japan, Korea, Macau, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, Taiwan and Thailand. Dell's new plant in Xiamen, is the second production base in China. It is the fifth largest market for Dell in the world and the fastest growing markets business development. PROMOTION: Commercial desktops are likely to be the backbone of the international market Lenovo race, and China is the largest piece of â€Å"experimental field. † Lenovo has agents through the distribution to the provinces. Through increased the influence of brand to cities to open up new markets. The success of Dell's direct model is that the main factors: first, rapid response, on-demand production,Powerful order processing system and production system; Second, powerful data processing capabilities and advanced information management technologies; Third, the excellent customer service, strong call center services; Fourth, a strong and efficient supply chain; s Fifth, low cost and price wars. CONCLUSIONS: Lenovo's corporate culture is people-oriented. Lenovo believes that talent is the development of the productive forces. Therefore, the association proposed for each employee to provide equal development opportunities. Employees and business are interdependent and mutually reinforcing . Dell's corporate culture, summed up by the company as â€Å"Dell soul†, which describes how Dell is a kind of company, it is the Dell service code of conduct for customers around the world, it eventually became Dell's â€Å"winning culture† basis. Difference: Lenovo is the mode of distribution . Dell is the direct model. Lenovo's core idea: the pursuit of individual employees into long-term development into the enterprise. Dell's core competencies: No direct sales, direct sales model is based on low-cost operating system for parts supply and assembly of the implementation of capacity. Both the Lenovo or Dell are staring at each other tightly, while Lenovo is lagging behind Dell now. Clearly, Dell and Lenovo are the real heart of the competitors of the other side. Lenovo is the leading of Asia-Pacific region, while the region's growth and development potential can not be ignored by Dell, dell is also focus on the global market. Lenovo make Dell feel more and more pressure . ———————– [pic]

Analysis of Lincoln’s First Inaugural Address Essay

When Abraham Lincoln won the presidency in 1860 the Union was divided. He accepted his presidential duties knowing that he was working with a nation that no longer remained united. Seven of the southern states had already seceded from the Union and were beginning to refer to themselves as the Confederates. What he had now were free states and slave states. When Lincoln gave his Inaugural Address he attempted to do so in a way that would not dissuade his chances of gaining support in the southern states, especially when it involved the institution of slavery. However, he also made it clear in his address that he believed a secure and united nation was of utmost importance and he rejected the ideas of secession and minority rule, and he did not endorse the separation of his nation. Abraham Lincoln was elected without the support of a single southern state. The states in the south were fearful that Lincoln, who openly discouraged slavery, would establish anti-slavery laws and equality for all citizens, including blacks. However, in his address Lincoln did the opposite. Lincoln knew the southern states were apprehensive of him being the man in charge and assumed their rights may be endangered and he wanted to ease their mind. He let those in the South know that he had no purpose to interfere with the institution of slavery in the states it currently exists, and that he had no lawful right to do so (669). Lincoln had said this repeatedly in many speeches he made before this address, and he never intended to change his position on this. He believed each state had the right to control their domestic affairs, and the federal government will do its best not to interfere with state sovereignty. That balance of power is what makes the political system in the United States so successful and Lincoln really attempts to respect that. Lincoln then addresses the controversy about the delivering up of slaves after they have escaped. He refers directly to a passage in the Constitution that says any person who is held to a service or labor in one State and escapes to another cannot by law by pardoned from said job, but must be returned to whoever the service or labor is due (670). Lincoln does question if this was only put in the Constitution by those who hoped to reclaim fugitive slaves who have escaped, but he does acknowledge the fact that because it is in the Constitution himself and members of Congress support it. Although it is not clear who will enforce this policy, the national or State authorities, Lincoln suggests that it is in all States best interest to abide by the laws in the Constitution that have yet to be repealed. Although Lincoln was very tolerant of the institution of slavery in the Southern States even though he did not fully support it, he did not stand for a nation divided. As the southern states continued to remove themselves from the Union, Lincoln feared they were attempting to disrupt the order of things in the nation. The Union of States is considered to be perpetual. It is the fundamental law of all national governments; no government would allow provisions in its constitution that would allow for it to be terminated. He states that since the beginning of the Union there has been progression only towards strengthening the Union and the establishment of the Constitution was to â€Å"form a more perfect Union† (671). As States continue to secede the nation is becoming less perfect because the vital element of perpetuity is lost. States are legally bound to remain a part of the Union, and those who attempt to work against the national authority are insurrectionary (671). As the president of the United States Lincoln believes he has an important duty in taking whatever means necessary to keep the Union in place. He makes it very clear though, that in his attempt to defend and maintain the Union he plans to do so without bloodshed or the use of violence unless he is forced to do so. Lincoln strives to resolve these national issues in a peaceful manner. Abraham Lincoln stands firm in his belief that the separation of the Union will have definite consequences. He believes that before the southern states carry out a matter as great as the destruction of the Union they are a part of they consider the gravity of their decision. Lincoln states that there is not any time when any right plainly written in the Constitution has been denied. If there was a time when the majority deprived a minority of his constitutional rights then there may be cause or justification for a revolution, but this is not the case in this situation (673). The Constitution ensures that all of the fundamental rights of individuals are covered so there should never be and questions concerning them. However, the Constitution cannot possibly cover all questions and issues brought before it, and this is where the division between the minority and majority derive. If a minority chooses to secede from the majority rather than attempt to comply they are setting themselves up for disaster. A minority of their own will secede from them after the majority refuses to be controlled by them, and there a destructive pattern begins (673). Lincoln expresses in his Address how important it is that the nation does not separate. All of the States must share the same nation, the same land, and that is not going to change. A wall cannot just be built and all problems and issues forgot. All States must work together to solve the issues and remain a united nation. Lincoln is aware that when individuals or States are unhappy with the existing government they the ability to exercise their rights of amending the Constitution or attempting to overthrow it (675). He believes that if the citizens of his nation want a change or hope to make amendments to the Constitution they do so in a more proper and convention manner than to rebel against the national government or to separate from the Union, very extreme and destructive measures. The most pressing issue is that of slavery, that is the only substantial dispute between the States. One half of the nation is against it, the other half believe it is right and want to extend their right to keep slaves. The provisions in the Constitution involving slavery, the fugitive-slave clause and the suppression of the foreign slave trade are well enforced and in some ways work to please both sides of the dispute (673). This is not an issue that can be easily solved but the separation of the Union will make things much worse off than they were before. The foreign slave trade would be revived, angering the anti-slave states, and those states would ultimately refuse to return slaves who escape (673). Lincoln believes that the fate of the Union lies in the hands of his fellow-countrymen. The issue of civil war is prevalent and will be the greatest consequence of secession. He assures his citizens that the government will not be the assailant and there will be no conflict unless they are the aggressors. Lincoln makes it very clear in his address how important he believes the unity of the nation is. No problems will be solved by separating and he wants the citizens of his nation to know where he stands on the issue. It was known that Abraham Lincoln supported the Northern, anti-slave states but in this Address he focuses on trying to persuade them that secession is not the answer, and ttempts to do so without further alienating them. Any president beginning their first term wants to clearly state his position on the most pressing issues at the time of their election, and how he plans to tackle them. Although, Lincoln does not specifically list the ways in which he plans to reunite his nation he does warn them of the eventual consequences if the problem is not addresses and solved. Lincoln knew what was to come if the two sides could not reach an agreement, and he was right.

Summary of support group meeting that focuses on mental health needs, Assignment

Summary of support group meeting that focuses on mental health needs, eg. depression etc - Assignment Example In a situation where she would not manage to access it, she had to go home or eat whatever was available, but the desire to eat would height. The worst problem was that she only craved for junks, a situation that resulted in uncontrolled weight gained, which made it very difficult for her to walk for long distances, run or even participate in activities that required physical strength. The meeting had eight members and each individual had a different story to share concerning their eating disorder, and how their families were tirelessly seeking ways through which they would help them solve the problem. I felt a sense of belonging, because I was among individuals that completely comprehended what I was going through and they were willing to share and engage each one of us in finding a solution to the problem that we were facing. I thought for a while, why it took so long to join the group, but I realized as most other members revealed that I lived in denial that I did not have a problem. I feel grateful to the people that encouraged me to take the step of engaging in the group therapy, because it helped me deal with the problem of isolation and stereotype that people who did not understand what I was going through displayed. As Halter and Varcarolis (2014) assert, group therapy offers quality ground on which people facing a similar issue can share their experiences and strategize ways to deal with the

Pharmacology Practical Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pharmacology Practical - Essay Example The experiment provided a uniform temperature (37 degrees) for the enzyme activity, whereas in living systems the temperature usually varies within a given range. According to Yun, crude extracts of orlistat also contain an inactive component, which is a possibility in the in vivo action of orlistat that leads to the disparities between experimental values and theoretical values of IC50 (2010). The suggested dose of Orlistat is one 120 mg capsule immediately before, during or up to one hour after, each main meal. From the statement, In general, at therapeutic doses detection of intact Orlistat in plasma is sporadic and concentrations are extremely low ( Orlistat’s systemic absorption is minimal because most of it is largely maintained in the gastrointestinal tract. This is why extremely low plasma concentrations are observed after the intake of the drug (Bryant et al. 2011). Systemic absorption of Orlistat is not necessary for its activity because it provides its therapeutic action in the stomach lumen and ileum. Orlistat binds irreversibly to the amino acid residues serine present in the active sites of gastric and pancreatic lipases through the formation of covalent bonds. This binding inactivates the enzymes making them unavailable for the hydrolysis of dietary fat (triglycerides) into fatty acids and monoglycerides (Orlistat STADAÂ ® 60mg/120 mg 2011). Consequently, a caloric deficit ensues because of failure of absorption of the undigested triglycerides. The caloric deficit has a helpful outcome on the regulation of

Analytical Measurements Should be Made to Satisfy an Agreed Essay

Analytical Measurements Should be Made to Satisfy an Agreed Requirement - Essay Example b.Prior to making a final judgement the results thus obtained from measurements should be compared to the existing standards already laid down to interpret the lower and upper limits. For example, in determining the level of alcohol in the blood of a driver charged with driving while drunk, there should be an existing standard level of alcohol in blood considered safe for driving and a limit above which it is unsafe to drive. The result obtained from the blood sample of this driver is then compared to the standard limit. (4, 10) c.A valid measurement is the one which does not result in misleading an observer, or the customer of a laboratory making the measurement. That is to say, that if the customer makes a decision relying on the information obtained by a valid measurement then the decision is correct. (4, 10) d.A valid measurement in itself may not be particularly accurate or precise, but if a conclusion is to be reached as to how the result differs from a standard then the measurement will have sufficient accuracy and precision to satisfy customer’s requirement. The correctness of a decision reached by relying on the information obtained through analytical measurement indicates the validity of measurement. (1, 4, 10) e.The aim of the agency making Valid Measurement, normally a laboratory, is to provide their customers with results that are not ambiguous and confusing and meet customer requirements. That is why Analytical Measurement should be made to satisfy an agreed requirement. (10) In analytical measurements the quality of data extracted is all that matters and good information thus gained is an outcome of good measuring techniques applied. For data to be of good quality the technique employed should be validated by being precise, repeatable, reproducible and stable. (8,9) g. A precise technique does not have deviations in the result of same measurement. There should be no change in methodology of measurement and neither should there be a change in what is being measured. The repeatable technique should render the same result when the same object is measured over a number of times. A reproducible technique is the one which when repeated produces the same result. A stable technique does not change over a period of time and if repeated, in times to come, it should be able to give same results as in the past. (2, 5) h. Laboratory of the Government Chemist (LGC) and National Physical Laboratory (NPL) have jointly developed Valid Analytical Measurement (VAM) principles, as part of their VAM programme to sketch a design for laboratories involved in making analytical measurements. Out of the six principles as laid down "Analytical measurements should be made to satisfy an agreed requirement" (4) is the first. (4) i. To realize the importance of agreed requirements consider that there a number of tests which can be performed to carry out a measurement. An analyst, being an expert, must enter into a dialogue with the customer to discuss the quality of results, time and cost of these tests. The analyst must have the knowledge to identify customer's requirements. Moreover, it is important to gain an insight into the criticality of the measurement by virtue of discussion with the customer. As such, it becomes necessary to know for what purpose the result will be used. (4, 5, 6) j. All critical and non-critical issues must be explained to the customer prior

Current Event Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 11

Current Event Paper - Assignment Example Daiichi Sankyo is a Japanese pharmaceutical company that has a stake in the Ranbaxy Laboratories based in India. Earlier this year, the US Food and Drug Administration (FAD) had banned the use drugs produced from the laboratory, citing that the drugs have quality problems. In response to this, Daiichi Sankyo has started to put measures in place to improve the quality of products from the laboratory. One f the steps taken is the hiring of consultants and sending experienced employees from Daiichi Sankyo to the Ranbaxy plants. Furthermore, as reported in the article, the company is taking steps to dig deeper and understand the violations that have led to the poor quality products from the Ranbaxy plants. The main idea behind quality control is to ensure that the output meets the required standards. In the above article, Daiichi Sankyo is taking steps to ensure that the quality of the products from its Ranbaxy plants meets the required international standards. The failure to meet these standards was the reason why the FAD banned the use of its products. In addition, quality control requires that the company takes the necessary steps to identify the causes of poor quality and how to address them. Daiichi Sankyo is bringing in consultants and experts to help identify and address the quality problems at the Ranbaxy Laboratories. Inagaki, K (2014, January 31). Daiichi Sankyo Vows Drastic Steps to Improve Ranbaxy Quality. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from

Indiana Prison Health Care Department Case Study

Indiana Prison Health Care Department - Case Study Example In this case study, we will focus on the healthcare spending of the Indiana state prison, which has a population of 13,000, and how to reduce the spending on the prison. Generally, Indiana prison has been considered to have the lowest total administrative cost of its healthcare department. In the Fiscal year of 2014, the Indiana Department of correction had a total of $542.2 million in prison expenditure in which 20 percent of this expenditure went to its healthcare expenditure (Chokshi, 2013). The total administrative cost of the Indiana prison health care department, therefore, amounted to about $110 million in this year. Given its population of 13,000, it is thus approximated that the per-prisoner cost of medical care is about $8462. According to research, it has been observed that the females in Indiana prisons have more health problems than their male counterparts. This is particularly due to their delicate, feminine body that is vulnerable to many health complications. In addition to this, is the fact that most female prisoners get pregnant during their time in prison and therefore require frequent medication and multiple checkups to ensure safe delivery of the newly born. However, due to the majority of the male prisoners who hold 80 percent of the total inmates in Indiana State, most of the state prison expenditure goes to them (Paterson, 2014). 70 percent of the total health spending in the prison, which amounts to $ 77M goes to the male inmates while the female prisoners only consume around $33M of the total health expenditure. Twenty percent of the prisoners who are HIV positive require special at a tension in their treatment and therefore their medication is quite costly compared to those who are negative. Similarly, the elderly prisoner (those who are over the age of 55) has a higher cost of medication  than the younger population due to their frequent ailments (Mikle & Park, 2013).

Drug Trafficking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Drug Trafficking - Essay Example Although the U.S. forces tend to patrol this vast area, they rely heavily on international partnerships in closely coordinating enforcement operations along with the interdiction forces of the majority of Western Hemisphere, as well as European nations so as to limit drug traffickers with the utilization of air and maritime routes. This interdiction takes a team effort thereby relying on the successful execution of a number of steps within an interdiction continuum, comprising of the collection, as well as dissemination of exploitable intelligence, the recognition and monitoring of suspicious vessels, along with the tangible interdiction of those vessels. The objective of the national interdiction according to the National Drug Control Strategy has succeeded in creating a removal rate of about 40% of the documented cocaine flow whose destination is the United States through FY2015. Although this is a significant development, a lot needs to be done concerning the interdiction of cocaine. Typically, within the eastern Pacific, there are fishing vessels transporting multiton cargos of cocaine leave Colombian, as well as Ecuadorian Pacific coast ports through to the delivery points via the Central American or even the Mexican coast. Within the Caribbean, there are high-speed go-fast vessels, transporting not less than two metric tons of cocaine at a time, depart from the north coast of Colombia headed to delivery points within the eastern Caribbean or enfolded the Central American coastline within their track north to destinations along the Central American, as well as Mexican coastlines. As a result, a fishing vessel operation is capable of lasting nearly six weeks, whereas go-fast operations go on normally for one or two days. Throughout the past few years, there has been a rise in the quantity of go-fast boats engaged in smuggling; such craft happen to be small, very fast, almost invisible to radar, as well as hard to see within daylight. To counteract the go-fast risk, the U.S. Coast Guard has purchased new equipment while developing capabilities in using armed helicopters, over-the-horizon cutter boats, along with non-lethal vessel-stopping technologies. On the other hand, drug traffickers tend to use latest and innovative techniques in transporting drugs to the United States, involving the development, together with an enhancement of low-profile, completely-submersible and totally submersible vessels. The quality of production, together with operational abilities of these vessels gives traffickers the opportunity of moving more products with superior stealth. These vessels are capable of travelling long distan ces with no support thereby permitting traffickers superior flexibility when planning possible drop locations.2 Interdiction is and must carry on being a vital constituent of the National strategy, as an accompaniment to other approaches in reducing drug supply. As a result, any analysis defining success within the area of interdiction as arresting all, or almost all, smuggled drugs tends to be unrealistic, as well as counter-productive. To the degree that is an exceptionally costly method; additional expenditures should be weighed particularly keenly, especially if they have the impact of reducing funds present for other efforts in reducing supply and demand. Nonetheless, there is the upgrading of the interdiction efforts made devoid of any noteworthy increase in funding. The most significant requirement in the interdiction field happens to be leadership. In order to pursue effective and expeditious innovation, as well as increased commitment, both through foreign governments, toge ther with private agencies, a

Magnesium calcium lithium, Sodium, and Potassium Essay Example for Free

Magnesium calcium lithium, Sodium, and Potassium Essay In this lab, six different metals were tested for their reactivity in water. From less reactive to most reactive, the metals were as follows: Aluminum, Magnesium, Calcium, Lithium, Sodium, and Potassium. A pattern found in the periodic table explaining the reactivity of metals is the further down in a family, and the further left in a period, the more reactive the metal will be. Aluminum and Magnesium were both the less reactive. Neither of the metals produced hydrogen, or not enough to have a positive test to prove it was there. Metals + H O H + Metal Hydroxide Calcium gave off a large amount of Hydrogen gas. Lighting a splint, placing it in the test tube, and hearing a loud pop proved this. When the calcium was placed in the water, it caused the temperature to rise to such a high level it was not possible to hold with bare hands. This could be because the electrons are moving so quickly that it causes the temperature to rise. The calcium formed a white, powder-like precipitate at the bottom of the test tube. Lithium, Sodium, and Potassium all had very violent reactions in water. Phenolphthalein was added to the beakers after the metals had reacted, and the water turned a pink/ purple color proving that these metals make bases, and therefore have a pH between eight and. Common reactions between metals were they all formed hydrogen gas, even if it was a very small amount. Lithium, Sodium, and Potassium all tested positive to be a base with phenolphthalein, and all had an oily surface. A pattern found in the periodic table explaining the reactivity of metals is the further down in a family, and the further left in a period, the more reactive the metal will be. This is because the elements in period I, Lithium, Sodium, and Potassium, only have one valence electron, and it is quite simple to lose it. Also, the further down the family, the more the ionization energy decreases because of the shielding effect (the inner electrons block the attraction of the nucleus for outer electrons) and atomic radius (the greater the distance between the nucleus and the outer electron). However, the further to the right of the periodic table, the more the ionization energy increase because of the nuclear charge, electron arrangement ( an electron in a full of a half full energy level requires additional energy to be removed), and atomic radius. This explains why Aluminum was the least reactive, and Potassium was the most reactive.

Road Safety Essay Example for Free

Road Safety Essay Hai friends, teachers and the judges on the dice my name is santhiya from VIII ‘B’. I am here to give you a small speech about road safety. Road safety refers to method and measure for reducing the risk of a person using the road network being killed or seriously injured. Road traffic crashes are one of the World’s largest public health and injury prevention problems. According to World’s Health Organization, more than a million people are killed on the world’s road each year. A report published by the WHO in 2004 estimated that some 1.2 million people were killed and 50 million injured in traffic collisions on the road around children 10-19 years of age. Most of the roads crowned that is, made so that they have rounded surfaces, to reduce standing water and ice, primarily to prevent frost damage but also increasing traction in poor weather. Poor road surface can lead to safety problems. Lane markers in some countries and states are marked with Cat’s eye or Botts dot, bright reflector that do not fade like paint. Turning across traffic poses several risks. Pedestrians and cyclist are among the most vulnerable road users and in some countries over half of all road deaths. During the 1990s a new approach, known as ‘sharped space’ was developed which removed many features in some places has attracted the attention of authorities around the world. The approach was developed by Hans Monderman who believed that ‘‘if you treat drivers like idiots, they act like idiots’’ and proposed that trusting drivers to behave was more successful than forcing them to behave. Major highways including motors, freeways, Autobahnen and Interstates are designed for safety high-speed operation and generally have lower levels of injury per vehicle km than other roads. More people die on the hard shoulder than on the highway itself. Without other vehicles passing a parked car, following drivers are unaware that the vehicle is parked, despite hazard light. 30% of the highway crashes that occurs in the vicinity of toll collection booth in the countries that have them, these can be reduced by switching to electronic toll systems. Safety can be improved in various ways depending on the transport taken. The main way to stay safe while traveling by bus or coach is as follow: †¢At the bus stop, always follow the queue. †¢Do not sit, stand or travel on the footboard of the bus. †¢Do not put any part of your body outside a moving or a stationary bus. Some countries or states have already implemented some of the ideas pay-as-you-drive adjusts insurance coasts according to when and where the person drives. Since 1999 the EuroRAP initiative has been assessing major roads in Europe with a road protection score. RoadPeace was formed in 1991 in the United Kingdom to advocate for better road safety and founded World Day of Remembrance for Road Traffic Victims in 1993 which received support from the United Nations General Assembly in 2005. Some road-safety groups argue that the problem of road safety being stated in the wrong terms because most safety measures are designed to increase the safety measures are designed to increase the safety of drivers, but many road traffic casualties are not drivers, and those measures which increases the driver safety may, perversely, increases the risk to these others, through risk to these others, through risk compensation.

A Thematic Approach To Teaching Education Essay

A Thematic Approach To Teaching Education Essay For this topic I am going to explore the history of the National Curriculum and the thematic approach to teaching. Looking at these areas I am going to create themes within the Foundation Phase and Key Stage 2 to use as an example of a thematic approach to teaching. National Curriculum The National Curriculum has been policy in Schools for many years, it originates back to 1970 when the government focused on education with a desire to educate children to create a better work force. Teaching consisted of no supervision within the classroom and the teachers could teach whatever they wanted as a result of there not being a specific curriculum to follow, or at least relate back to. In 1976 James Callaghan changed the teaching profession. His idea was everyone should be taught the same topics, this led to an introduction of more core subjects. Within a few years, Margaret Thatcher became Prime Minister and decided she didnt like the scheme of teaching within the National Curriculum, so, in 1979 she decided that every Council would write their own policies. These policies had to include maths, English and science which were deemed to be core subjects. The Prime Minister wanted to see a lot more testing of the teaching process so that teaching was far more measurable and what progress and standard the children where achieving. In the 1987, Kenneth Baker, the Education Minister took the concept a stage further. He divided the curriculum into 3 core subjects maths, English and science, and 7 foundation subjects including the subjects of history, geography, foreign language, art, music, P.E and design and technology. He had a syllabus for each subject composed so that all teachers knew what content to cover when teaching each subject. In 1988 the Educational Reform Act became legislation. It was widely regarded as the most important single piece of education legislation in England and Wales in modern times. The Educational Reform Act changed education. After its introduction in 1988, the National Primary School Curriculum had to be presented to the government to ensure standards of teaching were the same for every child. Key Stages were introduced in schools that benched marked milestones in a childs education. At each key stage a number of educational objectives had to be achieved, the impact of this was the curriculum evolved into educational overload. Each teacher had 345 targets to meet! The Key Stages introduced were Key Stage 1 (5 7 year old children), Key Stage 2 (7 11 year old children), Key Stage 3 (11 14 year old pupils) and Key Stage 4 (15 16 year old pupils). Statutory tests were progressively introduced for each Key Stage. The Key Stage 1 statutory tests were introduced in 1991, Key Stage 2 in 1995 and Key Stage 3 in 1993. Sir Ron Dearing reviewed education in 1995, he removed some topics out and reduced the burden of 345 targets to 14 targets that teachers needed to meet. Margaret Thatcher still wanted to change elements of the curriculum whilst Sir Ron Dearing was doing his review. She wanted to name and shame every school that wasnt performing and to rank all schools, hence the birth of school tables to publicly inform parents how individual schools were performing. Sir Ron Dearing wanted a structured numeracy and literacy hour which was structured and dictated what had to be done and was applied by all schools across the Country. This enabled visibility to monitor and evaluate what was being done at any one time. Another huge change arrived 30 years later when Sir Jim Rose looked at the National Curriculum. He led an independent review in 2008-2009 and came to the conclusion that there was still too much going on in the curriculum. He wanted focus on essential life and learning skills and on literacy, numeracy, I.C.T, learning and thinking skills and social and emotional well being. Sir Jim Rose wanted to establish a curriculum for the 21st century that met the needs of individual learners whilst taking account for the broader needs of Wales. The national curriculum changed once again in 2008. The stages of the curriculum Key Stages were and remain divided into sections, Year 3- Year 6 Key Stage 2 (7 11 year olds) and early years which became the Foundation Phase Year 1 Year 2 (3 7 year olds). The curriculum content consists of core subjects (Mathematics, English and Science) and Welsh Language, broader curriculum subjects ( I.C.T, History, Geography, Music, Art and Design, Physical recreation, Design and Technology, Welsh second Language) and basic curriculum (R.E and P.S.E). This ensures subjects are taught via a cross curriculum approach and introduce key skills that includes thinking, number, I.C.T and communication. Assessments have been introduced to enable teachers to monitor childrens learning and baseline assess attainment at the end of the Foundation Phase. At Key Stage 2, pupils are tested on their English and Mathematics and core subjects. then in Year 6 they are assessed in preparation for transition to year 7 in Secondary education. The introduction to the Foundation Phase was set out in Wales and further amplified and explained in the Foundation Phase consultation paper published in 2003. The proposals contained in this paper was supported by 96 per cent of respondents. The Welsh Assembly Government then piloted the Foundation Phase from September 2004. The Foundation Phase provides young children with a curriculum that is more appropriate to their stage of development and that caters for their individual needs. From reading Welsh Assembly Government, March 2009, Foundation Phase Child Development Profile Guidance, Welsh Assembly Government I have discovered the seven areas of learning within the Foundation Phase (3 7 year olds). The seven areas of learning are:- Personal and social development, well-being and cultural diversity Language, literacy and communication skills Mathematical development Welsh language development Knowledge and understanding of the world Physical development Creative development This approach allows teachers to monitor the knowledge of individual childrens development in the key areas of a childs learning and to follow onto the areas of learning to observe and evaluate childrens progress throughout their learning. In the National Curriculum for Key Stage 2, each subject has two sections (skills and range) for a childs programme of study in each different national curriculum subject. This includes levels of understanding, investigating and making. There are also national curriculum skills that are the same for all non-core and core subjects within the National Curriculum. Children develop thinking skills by planning, developing and reflecting on their work in all subjects. Another requirement within the National Curriculum is to develop communication skills. The children learn to communicate across the curriculum by using skills such as oracy, reading, writing and wider communicating in all subjects across the National Curriculum. A further requirement is to develop ICT skills. The children must develop their ICT skills across the curriculum by finding, developing, creating and presenting information and ideas using a wide range of software and equipment. Finally children must develop their num ber skills across the curriculum by using mathematical information, calculating, interpreting and presenting their findings across the whole range of national curriculum subjects. Thematic Approach The cross-curricular thematic approach has been part of education in schools for many years and slowly began to gain popularity in primary schools during the 60s. This was due to recommendations from the Plowden Report (1967) emphasising that children learn better finding out information for themselves rather than being taught directly and supplied with information direct from a teacher. A thematic approach to teaching involves integrating all subject areas together under one theme. The cross curriculum approach helps children relate basic academic skills to the real world. Thematic units are common in the Foundation Phase where children learn through interactive, integrated activities. These themed units incorporate reading, mathematics, science and social studies. To create thematic approaches in teaching a theme is selected for a particular topic which would be applied for a period of a week or a month. The time line would depend on the broadness of the theme and how many subjects are going to be included in the cross curriculum approach. From knowing the themes the teacher develops schemes of work, activities and writing lesson plans. The children are then given aims and objectives within the thematic approach lessons. The activities may consist of being hands-on or physical learning, games on the internet and reading certain books for the skill level the children are reading at. For example, art skills can be developed by drawing exercises related to the theme. There is no end to what national curriculum subjects can be developed within the thematic approach. The benefits of a thematic approach have been examined. Teaching thematically helps children build self esteem and allows the children to understand what they are being taught. Content and subject areas are integrated and not made obvious to the children what subjects they are being taught. The pupils are able to learn and retain more information through a thematic approach, it encourages the involvement of all abilities of children through topics relevant to them and their learning needs, from the learning aspect the children are able to relate to real-world experiences and build upon their prior knowledge learned from previous lessons taught at that particular moment in time. The thematic approach also helps teachers teach to the different learning capabilities of their children. Overall the thematic approach keeps children engaged by making learning activities fun by creating a variety of different experiences within different thematic approaches. The teacher and children are able to be creative, authentic and original, it also allows the teacher to integrate all subjects and use literacy within those subjects. The children can share the same learning goals, is children centred and utilises collaborative and cooperative learning. The curriculum is also compact and saves time teaching multiple subjects at once. The negatives of a thematic approach need to be considered. Some children may lose interest in the theme/subject being addressed. Using one theme for a month may become boring, repetitive and the childrens motivation to learn will decrease and become uninterested and distracted. The children may also not like the choice of the theme chosen by the teacher and may cause arguments between children making them unwilling to participate in the activities created by the teacher. It can be hard for the teacher to find enough resources/information to cover every aspect of the topic and intertwining the benchmarks within that one topic may be difficult, it can also be easy to miss out on some content that could be covered in the theme. Within the thematic approach it may be hard for the lower level children to engage and consequently have a hard time with concepts within that theme, they will then struggle with the work. This child is still expected to connect within the focused tasks causing possible stress for the child knowing their level of capabilities are lower than someone else in the class, so it is difficult for the teacher to provide tasks that suits everyones needs and learning styles. From reading a document Using thematic approach, Bristol, Victoria Clarke and Virginia Braun (Page 2) express a mixed view of the thematic approach. They quote Thematic analysis is a poorly demarcated, rarely-acknowledged, yet widely-used qualitative analytic method. They believe that the thematic approach is rarely acknowledged but is used widely across teaching. Theorists have a mixed view about the statement because they feel that the thematic approach can prove to be successful as long as the theme and subjects used are taught at a level that suits all the childrens needs using an integrated and balanced scheme of work for all abilities . Others also think that the quote is wrong in saying the thematic approach is rarely acknowledged. It is clear from experiences within the classroom that teachers successfully use the thematic approach a lot. My view on the foundation phase and what it has to offer. Within the Foundation Phase, children as individuals are given opportunities to learn about themselves, improve their own knowledge and understanding of the real world and gain better knowledge of personal hygiene and safety. The children become independent and achieve goals that teachers cannot pass on to the children through use of just the direct teaching method. This is why the Foundation Phase is so unique, it allows the children to learn from their own personal experiences and take their learning into their own hands. The children become more confident and assertive and learn values for themselves and from their peers. With all of the above focusing on skills, children can develop in the Foundation Phase. The main thrust of developing skills is by letting children play, it is an essential feature within the curriculum which must be fun and stimulating for the children to enjoy learning. This approach helps children to be pro active and physically interact with objects they woul dnt necessarily encounter day to day. From reading the Rumbold Report (1990) on play, there is a very strong view about using play within the Foundation Phase, it is believed that active educational play supports childrens learning across all areas of learning. I totally agree with this statement as it does create activity for the development of a wide range of skills and also allows the children to develop their own personal skills. Overall I think the Foundation Phase is an all round positive curriculum that appears to work very well in developing children from an early age of 3. My lesson ideas for teaching within the Foundation Phase The subjects I examine as an example for my teaching in a thematic approach in the Foundation Phase incorporates two non-core subjects Geography, Art and Design and also look at the basic curriculum area of R.E. The theme I have chosen is the Amazon rainforest. The class I have chosen to deliver this task to is Year 2. R.E In the R.E lesson, I will read the read the book of Noahs Ark. Maisy, 2007, Noahs Ark, Lucy Cousins I will identify the type of animals and relate them to the Amazon Rainforest. From reading the book I will have a section of play where I will divide the class into groups. The children will have samples of all of the animals referred to in the book along with a boat. They will then have to memorise the list of the animals which relate back to the book and fit them into the boat. This will develop their thinking skills and also their communication skills while working in groups to do the activity. This will be a warm up activity for the children so they are getting their brain into working mode. This relates back to the national curriculum skills for R.E in the Guidance for local education authorities and agreed syllabus conferences, January 2008, National exemplar framework for religious education for 3 to 19-year-olds in Wales, Welsh Assembly Government by using the section listed as developing thinking. For the main activity the children have to create their own story where they save a number of animals onto a certain object, the object can be specific to our day and age so it could range from a boat or train to an aeroplane. To get the children started in their story one can brain storm and list their examples of some animals and objects on a board / interactive whiteboard and show what mode of transport animals can be rescued onto. From the main activity they are developing their communication skills, theyre using their writing skills and oracy by discussing what they are going to include in their story. From the content of the activities created one can monitor the calibre and style of childrens writing. I will select three or four pieces of work to be read out by the children and evaluate everyones work by having everyone on each table to swap and evaluate each others work. Geography (Knowledge and understanding of the world) To teach knowledge and understanding of the world I will focus on the wider world section of the curriculum, illustrating to the children what lives in the Amazon Rainforest, and type of habitats they live in. I would create discussions around particular questions I would continually ask. Questions would raise awareness and explore what is the rainforest. Childrens knowledge and understanding of the Amazon Rainforest will be developed through the handing out of a quiz that can be completed in groups. A class competition can be created to see who has the most questions correct about the Amazon Rainforest. After the quiz, to develop continuity through this subject of geography the children can create pieces of work to put up on the Amazon Rainforest board on the classroom walls. The children can bring their knowledge from R.E and use their drawings they developed in art to put onto the classroom board, this will create a sense of achievement and ownership as the children would be able to look at their own work when in their own classroom and is a clear display of their own work for others to see what they have done. A number of skills will have been developed from using this approach that are taken from the national curriculum book of knowledge and understanding of the world for Foundation Phase. The skills developed consist of enquiring, exploring, describing, asking/ answering questions, investigating, thinking, solving problems and recording their research. All of these are required and used within the theme and tasks set during lessons. Art From reading the book Noahs Ark, children can draw an animal of their choice that relates to the story, a list and a picture of each animal mentioned in the story would be given as a resource for the children to relate back to. A directed task would then be set to use different materials to create a 2D image of the animal from the Noahs Ark story. Materials to be used would include: Coloured pencils Paint Coloured pens Crayons Craft materials to create different textures etc. From creating their animal drawing, the children can try and link them to a habitat within the rainforest. To research the animals habitat the children can use the internet to find an image of the habitat for their animal to be stuck onto. The final outcome will then consist of a hand made piece of artwork of an animal from the rainforest made by every individual child and placed on a background of the habitat the animal would live in within the rainforest. Overall the children would have explored colour using different materials and creatively making an animal by exploring and forming different textures. This relates back to the national curriculum within the foundation phase due to reading the creative development Welsh Assembly Government book. Welsh Assembly Government, June 2008, Creative Development, Welsh Assembly Government The children will have used ICT skills to research on the internet for a habitat picture of the rainforest. From creating the animal design that relates back to the Amazon rainforest, focus can be made upon literacy skills by asking each child to describe what animal they have created and what their habitat looks like. Overall, the children would have used planning and thinking skills by developing and creating the art work. The children can reflect on their work and see if their animal relates to the rainforest to give it a real life effect. Oracy and writing skills are also developed by describing their animal and habitat, so they are expressing their ideas and emotions about their work. The structure of the childs learning will be as it is presented in the essay, I will start off with R.E, and then include Geography and follow integrate Art and Design. When the children take part in these activities the children themselves do not realise they are learning these skills. This is an excellent outcome, as, when they grow up, the children will reflect and hopefully remember what they have done and recognise the skills they had used. My lesson ideas for teaching within Key Stage 2 The subjects I examine for teaching a thematic approach in Key Stage 2 will consist of two non-core subjects of Geography, Art and Design and also look at the basic curriculum which is R.E. The theme chosen is Judaism. The year group chosen for this is Year 5. R.E The children will be made aware what Judaism, different clothing and their names worn at this time would be examined. A group activity for children would be used after explaining the variety of clothes using dolls clothing, some relevant to Judaism and some not relevant. A women and man doll would be introduced for the children to dress and they learn to relate the same back to Judaism culture. From dressing the dolls the children move on to examine a house of a Jewish person. The children will look at dietary make up of Jews and what type of ornaments they have in their houses that are an integrated part of their culture. A group session can be delivered where children can trial some Jewish food and if possible have a Jewish person to come in and talk to the children about their lifestyle. A useful website for a teacher resource would be:- http://www.waupun.k12.wi.us/Policy/other/dickhut/religions/14%20Jewish%20Symbols.html This website describes the clothing and certain items that are found in a Jewish home. This theme will have continuity and appear through other lessons. In other lessons different festivals within the Jewish community would be explored and have a look at videos to demonstrate how they celebrate their festivals. The skills developed throughout these lessons would be communication through talking in groups to discuss issues about the culture and ornaments the children have discovered. The children are also developing thinking skills to execute dressing the men and women dolls into suitable clothing for a Jewish person. Art From the previous lesson on R.E about Judaism children are given a directed task using a hand out sheet with four boxes to draw in. The children are asked to use each box to draw from real life, objects such as Shofar or a type of clothing like a Kippah and use a range of art materials to colour in their drawings. The materials used could include :- Coloured pencils Paint Coloured pens Crayons Charcoal Water paint Mark making Tone Craft materials Each box I will ask The children will be told to use each box to illustrate a different art material so they are experimenting and testing different materials and are using a range of art media. After finishing the drawings the following activity would develop literacy where children have to describe the content and process used in creating each box, stating what material they have used, what the object is and how it is used within the religion of Judaism. Overall children have explored different art materials and creatively making examples relating to Judaism using the clothes they wear or the different items used within the culture. This links to the national curriculum within the Key Stage 2 Art and Design as found through reading the Art and Design national curriculum for Wales book. Welsh Assembly Government, January 2008, Art and Design in the National Curriculum for Wales, Welsh Assembly Government From reading the book listed above I am able to see what parts of the curriculum I have taught. The activities demonstrate that the children have planned, developed and reflected on their work which uses the developing thinking skill and that all of the children have developed their oracy and writing skills that links to the developing communication aspect. Geography In geography focus is on where the Jewish community was founded and where Judaism is sited in different countries. A presentation using PowerPoint for both tasks and the children can do small tasks from worksheets. We will then look at the Star of David flag and what the meaning is behind it. Two follow on from this children will be asked to develop a double page in their book about Judaism. This double page will involve information about the Jewish community, where Jewish people are distributed around the world, some ornaments, clothes and the Star of David flag. The children are being tested on a number of skills across the curriculum in geography. The children are developing thinking skills, they have to plan the double page on Judaism and develop the work on Jews and also to ensure they include Judaism. The childrens communication skills are being developed through them writing about what they have learned about the Jewish community and Judaism. The children are using selected language to describe where the Jewish people live within different countries, and so are discussing geographical issues. The children are conducting their own personal investigation into Judaism and Jewish religion. From developing the double page they are developing creative and presentation of information and ideas from their investigation. Observing children To see the childrens improvement throughout their learning teachers need to pay attention to observing the children in their care. In the observing children book Welsh Assembly Government, January 2008, Observing children, Welsh Assembly Government it is quoted It is important that practitioners listen to children as well as watch them when observing, as they can learn a great deal about childrens learning and understanding through listening to their speech I believe this is a vital quote for teachers observing children because you can definately gain more understanding of the childrens learning by talking to children as well as observing how they play and the standard of their work. The observation of children should be taken into consideration through using the seven areas of learning, this will provide evidence of their development and achievements across the national curriculum. Teachers can also observe different situations children are exposed to through playing on their own or as part of agroup. The main headings mentioned in the Welsh Assembly Government, January 2008, Observing children, Welsh Assembly Government state that teachers need to observe:- Personal development Social development Well-being/emotional development Cognitive development Language development and communication skills Physical development Gross motor skills Fine motor skills There much observation of childrens development of the child as a whole that has to be considered as an essential part of the role of a teacher. From observing the children one can monitor their progress and continuity during lessons to ensure improvement and that children are gaining and benefiting from new learning experiences throughout their years in primary school. This can be achieved by both looking at the development of their work and also how they play alone and within groups. Conclusion To conclude, the National Curriculum has gone through many changes in the past few years and evolved into what is delivered in primary schools today. From the many theorists I have researched and read about, there is a belief that where we are placed today is the better stage of the developed National Curriculum. The Foundation Phase is proving to be a success. The children are able to improve their personal learning without having a teacher to spoon feed them to gain experiences and skills. Key Stage 2 needs improving and attention due to the drop in standards and attainment in literacy and numeracy, this drop in standards has resulted in improvements being demanded by the Welsh Government all across Wales. Welsh Government are implementing literacy and numeracy strategies in every subject across the national curriculum. The thematic approach has been evaluated and is declared a success by many theorists, it allows teachers to choose a theme and teach joint subjects in one integrate d scheme of work/ lessons, this is a definate advantage because the children do not specifically realise how they are being taught. This method of educating primary aged children develops what they know from personal experiences and their involvement develops them through the teachers integrated lessons.

John Miltons Paradise Lost Essay -- essays papers

John Miltons Paradise Lost John Milton’s Paradise Lost is a religious work, and is in many ways an autobiography of Milton’s own life. John Milton was raised catholic and converted to Protestantism. Later in life he became a Calvinist. His strong Calvinists beliefs can be seen throughout Paradise Lost. It was Milton’s desire to be a great poet, but he did not believe that was his purpose in life. He believed that he had been put here to serve God, and that any thing that he wrote should be in one way or another related to that purpose. In this way Milton felt that in writing Paradise Lost not only was he writing the epic poem he had always wanted to, but also fulfilling his godly purpose here on earth. At the time that Milton was writing Paradise Lost he was a prisoner in his home and to his blindness. He had been involved in the rebellion with Cromwell when the King had been executed and the monarchy had been run out of England. When Cromwell died and the King returned to power he was forced to go into hiding and no longer had any rights of an English man. If he had come out of hiding he most likely would have been executed for treason. He had also lost his sight completely and was being taken care of by his daughters. The subject of Paradise Lost is man’s disobedience and how disobedience leads to the loss of happiness. He is dealing not only with the disobedience of Adam, Eve, and Satin, but also with his own disobedience. Different autobiographical issues are dealt with through Adam and Satin. Adam seems to represent his sins against God, which led to his blindness, and Satin could represent his disobedience to the King. The first book deals with the war in heaven and the devils being sent out into ... ...ventually die for their sins. Being kicked out of the garden also has some autobiographical significance in the life of Milton. He loved gardens and both of his punishments, blindness and being imprisoned in his home made it impossible for him to enjoy them. In the last book Michael shows Adam what is to come for the human race. This gave Adam some hope for the future and makes it easier for him to carry on after falling from God. Adam sees that much good will come from his sin in the end. Bibliography: Works Cited Masson, David. Afterword â€Å"A Brief Life of Milton† Paradise Lost. By John Milton. Ed. Scott Elledge. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1993. Milton, John. Paradise Lost. Ed. Scott Elledge. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1993. Wagenknecht, Edward. The Personality of Milton. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 1970. John Miltons Paradise Lost Essay -- essays papers John Miltons Paradise Lost John Milton’s Paradise Lost is a religious work, and is in many ways an autobiography of Milton’s own life. John Milton was raised catholic and converted to Protestantism. Later in life he became a Calvinist. His strong Calvinists beliefs can be seen throughout Paradise Lost. It was Milton’s desire to be a great poet, but he did not believe that was his purpose in life. He believed that he had been put here to serve God, and that any thing that he wrote should be in one way or another related to that purpose. In this way Milton felt that in writing Paradise Lost not only was he writing the epic poem he had always wanted to, but also fulfilling his godly purpose here on earth. At the time that Milton was writing Paradise Lost he was a prisoner in his home and to his blindness. He had been involved in the rebellion with Cromwell when the King had been executed and the monarchy had been run out of England. When Cromwell died and the King returned to power he was forced to go into hiding and no longer had any rights of an English man. If he had come out of hiding he most likely would have been executed for treason. He had also lost his sight completely and was being taken care of by his daughters. The subject of Paradise Lost is man’s disobedience and how disobedience leads to the loss of happiness. He is dealing not only with the disobedience of Adam, Eve, and Satin, but also with his own disobedience. Different autobiographical issues are dealt with through Adam and Satin. Adam seems to represent his sins against God, which led to his blindness, and Satin could represent his disobedience to the King. The first book deals with the war in heaven and the devils being sent out into ... ...ventually die for their sins. Being kicked out of the garden also has some autobiographical significance in the life of Milton. He loved gardens and both of his punishments, blindness and being imprisoned in his home made it impossible for him to enjoy them. In the last book Michael shows Adam what is to come for the human race. This gave Adam some hope for the future and makes it easier for him to carry on after falling from God. Adam sees that much good will come from his sin in the end. Bibliography: Works Cited Masson, David. Afterword â€Å"A Brief Life of Milton† Paradise Lost. By John Milton. Ed. Scott Elledge. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1993. Milton, John. Paradise Lost. Ed. Scott Elledge. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1993. Wagenknecht, Edward. The Personality of Milton. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 1970.

Respect in A Rose for Emily :: A Rose for Emily, William Faulkner

Respect in A Rose for Emily Miss Emily Grierson is nobody's best friend. Neither is she the enemy of any man or woman. Life has dealt her circumstances that anyone would falter underneath. Her personality suffers traumatically, but no one can hold that against her. Though not a very pleasant character, Miss Emily does have the support of the townspeople in the text of Faulkner's short story "A Rose for Emily." However, in the video version these same townspeople are portrayed as snoops and critics with no kind intentions seen. Miss Emily was not a social person after her father died, but the townspeople understood this. The townspeople understood "that with nothing left, she would have to cling to that which had robbed her as people will"(31). They did not hold it against her that she had trouble handling this situation. Emily is given the "respectful affection [of] a fallen monument"(28). Each tried in his/her own way to reach out to her. The authorities came to her house, the minister dropped by, and "a few of the ladies had the temerity to call"(30). Miss Emily continued on with life even going so far as to give "china-painting" lessons. The women of the town quite willingly send their daughters and granddaughters to learn from her. At one point in the story, a strong stench coming from Emily's house prompts a few disrespectful comments. Yet in spite of this, the text records that the "people began to feel sorry for her"(30). They are not brutes; inside themselves the townspeople have sympathy for this lady. The townspeople seemed curious about the happenings within her house, but they are not outright mean or obtrusive. After Homer Barron comes into the picture, the town is "glad that Miss Emily would have an interest"(31). Even in the final moments of her life the "whole town went to [Emily's] funeral"(28). They also have the decency to "wait until Miss Emily was in the ground before they opened [the region above the stairs no one had seen in forty years]"(34). The text of this story portrays these

Forgivenesses of sins Essay

Pardoners were supposed to issue papal indulgences (forgivenesses of sins) in exchange for alms money, which was to be given to the sick, poor, or another worthy cause. But many pardoners were out-and-out frauds, selling worthless pieces of paper, and even legitimate ones often kept more than their share of the proceeds. This Pardoner is from Rouncivalle, a London hospital well known for the number of illegal pardons connected with it. Most pardoners, like this one, claimed to have come â€Å"straight from the court of Rome,† with a bagful of pardons â€Å"al hoot† off the presses, though of course our Pardoner hasn’t set foot outside England. NOTE: Fake pardoners claimed they could do almost anything for the right sum of money, even remove an excommunication. Despite widespread abuses, though, there still were plenty of people gullible enough to believe in a pardoner’s â€Å"powers. † There’s something suspect in the fact that the Pardoner sings â€Å"Come hither, love, to me,† to the Summoner, who accompanies him in a strong bass voice. Some see more than a hint of sexual perversion in this young man who has thin locks of yellow hair that he wears without a hood because he thinks it’s the latest style. His small voice and the fact that he has no beard, â€Å"ne never sholde [would] have,† leads Chaucer to suspect â€Å"he were a gelding or a mare†Ã¢â‚¬â€œa eunuch or effeminate man. NOTE: Scientific opinion of the day believed that thin hair represented poor blood, effeminacy, and deception, while glaring eyes like the Pardoner’s indicated folly, gluttony, and drunkenness. Chaucer’s audience would catch the references just as we would instantly see the significance of a villain in a black cape and with a black moustache. As if the description weren’t bad enough, the Pardoner tricks people into buying phony relics of saints, such as a pillowcase that he says was â€Å"Our Lady’s veil,† or a piece of sail allegedly belonging to St. Peter. No wonder he makes more money in a day than the poor Parson does in two months. Ironically, Chaucer calls him â€Å"a noble eccesiaste,† since he can sing a church lesson beautifully–for money, of course. His tale is right in character: he tells what the pilgrims say they want to hear. He says he bases his sermons on money being the root of all evil (he ought to know). But he admits he’s not a moral man, although he can tell a moral tale. In his tale about three rowdies, he ironically delivers a sermon against gluttony and other sins. Afterwards, the Host lights into the Pardoner’s hypocrisy with such force that the Pardoner is speechless with anger. Chaucer is probably the earliest English poet you’re likely to read. A first glance at the original Middle English of the Canterbury Tales, with all those strange-looking words, might be enough to tempt you to slam the book shut, either in disgust or in terror at having to learn it all. But take a closer look and examine some of the words. You’ll see that many aren’t any harder to understand than when some people, trying to be â€Å"olde†-fashioned, write shoppe instead of shop. (Chaucer’s English is in fact where this idea originated. ) Try to get a dual-language edition of the Canterbury Tales, in which the Middle English original is printed on one side of the page and modern English on the other. When you’ve gotten some practice reading the original words and checking against the modern English, you’ll find that the rhythm of Chaucer’s poetry gets easier to understand. Why is it called â€Å"Middle English†? Simply because it’s at the midpoint between the ancient language spoken by the Anglo-Saxons of England and the English we speak today. In fact, you might feel grateful that you’re reading Chaucer instead of the poetry of some of his fellow fourteenth-century poets, because Chaucer’s dialect–the Middle English spoken in London–is the language that evolved into our English, while the dialects the other poets used died out. Imagine trying to read something written in a hillbilly drawl or in a Scottish brogue; standard English, even if it’s not what we speak all the time, is easier to read. Even if Chaucer had never written a word, it makes sense that the speech of London, the hub of English society, should develop into the standard English that eventually came over on the Mayflower. But Chaucer gave a great boost to the prestige of English, as Shakespeare did later on. It’s partly because of Chaucer’s terrific (though unintentional) public relations job that the poet John Dryden, three hundred years later, called him â€Å"the father of English literature. † There is a robust flavor to Chaucer’s language that we can’t get in a translation, no matter how good it is. You won’t be able to get the nuances of all the old words. But after a while you’ll almost be able to hear the pilgrims chatting away. The opening of the General Prologue bursts with spring, with new life, and shows that Chaucer is both similar to and different from his poetic predecessors. He uses many images of spring that would be familiar to a medievel audience: the April showers (familiar to us too) â€Å"piercing† March’s dryness, the â€Å"licour† in each plant’s â€Å"vein,† the breezes â€Å"inspiring† the crops. It’s short, but enough of a description to give us a sense of waking up to new and exciting events. Even the birds sleep with â€Å"open eyes† because of the rising sap. Then, instead of moving from the conventional spring setting to a description of courtly romantic or heroic deeds, as his audience might expect, he draws us into a very down-to-earth world. Spring isn’t romance; it’s the time of year â€Å"when people long to go on pilgrimages. † We can all identify with the feeling of â€Å"spring fever,† when we want to travel and shake off the winter doldrums. What’s more, in case we or Chaucer’s listeners are expecting a conventional medieval description of moral allegorical types–Greed, Love, Fortune, etc. –or battles, we’re in for a shock. Other poets presented characters for moral purposes or to embody ideals such as courtly love. But Chaucer doesn’t deal in types, whether religious or courtly, but in portraits of real people. He even ignores the unwritten rule of the time that, if you’re describing someone, you start at the top, very orderly, and work down. Chaucer will start with someone’s beard, then hat, boots, tone of voice, and finally his political opinions! (That’s just a partial description of the Merchant. ) He’s not reporting for a moral purpose, but out of love of life and the people around him. Imagine that you’re minding your own business in a wayside tavern and in burst 29 people representing every facet of society. For Chaucer, that meant the nobility, embodied in the Knight and Squire; the church, in the form of the Prioress, Monk, and others; agriculture (the Plowman); and the emerging middle class (the Merchant, Franklin and tradesmen). Rather than shy away from this motley crew, Chaucer the narrator (who is not the same, remember, as Chaucer the poet) befriends and describes them, inserting his own opinions freely.

Microsoft Marketing Plan

Microsoft Corporation 1. 1 Executive Summary The purpose of this article is to highlight the current marketing strategies of Microsoft Corporation and also to identify the lacking areas where Microsoft should develop new strategies to with stand with the throat cutting market challenges. 1. 2 Mission Statement Empower people through great software anytime, anyplace, and on any device. 1. 3 Our Values As a company, and as individuals, we value integrity, honesty, openness, personal excellence, constructive self-criticism, continual self-improvement, and mutual respect.We are committed to our customers and partners and have a passion for technology. We take on big challenges, and pride ourselves on seeing them through. We hold ourselves accountable to our customers, shareholders, partners, and employees by honoring our commitments, providing results, and striving for the highest quality. (Microsoft Corporation, 2010) 1. 4 Company Profile At Microsoft, everyone one is motivated and insp ired every day, by how their customers use their software to find creative, solutions to business problems, develop breakthrough ideas, and stay connected to what's most important to them.Microsoft run business, in much the same way, and believe in their five different business divisions, which offers the greatest potential to serve customers. They are: a. Windows ; Windows Live Division: Includes the Windows product family, and is responsible for our relationships with personal computer manufacturers, as well as online software and services through Windows Live. b. Server and Tools:Software server products, services and solutions, include: Windows Server operating system, Microsoft SQL Server, Visual Studio, Silverlight, System Centre products, Forefront security products, Biz Talk Server, and Microsoft Consulting Services. c. Online Services Division: Consists of an online advertising platform with offerings for publishers and advertisers, and online information; offerings such as Bing and the MSN portals and channels. d. Microsoft Business Division: Includes the Microsoft Office suites, desktop programs, servers, and services and solutions; Microsoft Dynamics; and Unified Communications business solutions. . Entertainment and Devices Division: Consists of the Xbox video game system, including consoles and accessories, Xbox Live operations, Zune digital music and entertainment device; Mediaroom, mobile and embedded device platforms, Surface computing platform, and Windows Automotive. We are committed long term to the mission of helping our customers realize their full potential. Just as we constantly update and improve our products, we want to continually evolve our company to be in the best position to accelerate new technologies as they emerge and to better serve our customers. (Microsoft Corporation, 2009) 1. 5 SWOT Analysis . 5. 1 STRENGTHS: i. Microsoft is one of the huge reputable global brands currently in the market. It is recognizable for couple of reasons, it was known to be one of the largest software developers and it’s developed a customer base of near about thirty million people all around the world. ii. It has built its brand image on the successful development of its computer software namely the Windows series of products. iii. Brand is everything, Microsoft is one of the best established, highly visible and healthy IT brands in the World, and holds a very loyal set of passionate customers that advocates and uses the brand.By loyal customers, it means that Microsoft retains old customers as well as recruits new ones too. iv. The corporation is alienated in several central offices inside the United States and all around the globe making the distribution channel and development of its products easily approachable to every consumer. It helps the company to launch new products and services across the globe at the same time. 1. 5. 2 WEAKNESSES: i. Microsoft lacks a solid client age and service support centre on the in ternet.This issue has to be rectified in order to overcome since problems and bugs with regards to their products must be fixed rapidly to attain efficiency. The lack of a customer service centre would erode the integrity and quality perceived by costumers on Microsoft products. ii. Generally Microsoft products have compatibility issues with different hardwares and softwares platforms manufactured by other companies, hence this sort of compatibility issue would then limit the ability of the customer to buy all products made by Microsoft since it would affect the stability and performance of a computer. ii. Microsoft does not share the programming codes of its softwares making modification difficult if bugs and other malfunctions are detected by programmers not affiliated to the company. 1. 5. 3 OPPORTUNITIES: i. Microsoft has expanded its market share by entering into the Chinese market by producing computer programs based on the Chinese language and giving discretionary authority t o the Chinese government to censure and to eaves drop on emails, documents and webpage. ii. Microsoft has also diversified its products.During the past years the company has ventured into fields such as game design, game developing and publishing and the production of game consoles such as the Xbox. iii. The company has also branched out to provide free email and news services to its customers. It has also developed softwares and computer programs that are vital in organizing business spreadsheets and data. 1. 5. 4 THREATS: i. Microsoft has created a set of example for all existing and forthcoming software developing houses to follow the same footsteps for such a drastic success. ii.Early competitor of Microsoft in the operating systems industry is the Linux program which was developed by independent programmers. this program gave very though time to Microsoft due to of its user friendly and can be obtain free of charge. iii. Because the company is diversifying in various fields it started to compete with the products being produced by such companies who have been experts in their parent industry. The company might eventually lost its battles in making its products competitive when put side by side with products made by corporations which has established heir name and reputation to the customers. iv. Microsoft is losing its market share steadily, due to increase in competition and diversified products offered by their competitors. A recent publication (Thinking Made Easy: SWOT Analysis of Microsoft) 1. 6 PESTEL ANALYSIS APESTEL analysisis a set of tools or an investigation of the important factors that are chronologically changing which influences on a businessexternally. PESTEL is abbreviated as Political, Economical, Social, Technological, Environmental ; Legal impacts.Politically influences on organisation like abrupt changes in government, inconsistency in their policies. Economic changes relate to changes in the macro economical conditions such as unstabl e economical conditions, rise in people standards or fluctuations in interest rates, etc. Social changes relate to changes in society (either globally or locally) such as changes in lifestyles e. g. more women going out to work, changes in customers buying behaviours. Technological changes relate to the entrance of new high tech inventions and ideas such as the development of the robotics and internet as business tools.Environmental changes means the impact on production oriented organisation with the environmental policies like all textile manufacturing units were transferred to Asian markets from Manchester UK due to its adverse effect on the environment. PESTEL Analysis a. Political Microsoft is highly affected by the political scenario there in USA. Microsoft is becoming one of the giant companies globally. It has created huge monopoly across the globe. US government is now trying to break up Microsoft into several different companies so that to maintain equal competition throug hout the market.One of the other reasons in splitting up Microsoft Corporation that it is becoming so much stronger that it could be a threat for even US government in near future. b. Economical Being such a versatile company and the market share they have, Microsoft plays major role in bringing up the country economies they have set-upped their businesses. According to an independent studies that the economies of the country shoots up three times when Microsoft starts businesses in that country. c. SocialMicrosoft has an edge on all of its competitors that socially more people are inclined towards Pentium platforms so naturally it helped a lot to have more market share rather than others. Market segment of Pentium users is considerably very huge but it would be threat for Microsoft that they are losing its share with an average pace, due to their unsatisfied customers. d. Technological It was a decade earlier that Microsoft was the leader in producing high tech softwares and gadget s, but now they are getting tough competition from global phenomenon brand ‘Apple’.No doubt Microsoft adopts and market new technology as soon as it could be but still i e. Environmental Microsoft follows very strict policies to make sure that the company remains in full compliance with international environmental regulations and the specifically environmental requirements of each country/region where they are doing their business. Microsoft reduces waste disposal, where possible through source reduction and recycling at company facilities. All waste safely and responsibly handled and disposed of properly. f. LegalMicrosoft is playing vital role in legal aspect of their pirated products like Windows and other softwares. They are trying their level best to reduce the usage of their pirated softwares. They are introducing different security features which may reduce the usage of pirated products. 1. 7 Porter’s Generic Strategies Michael Porter has proposed three ge neric strategies that provide a good starting point for strategic thinking; overall cost leadership, differentiation, focus and combination of all these three strategies is known as stuck in the middle.Microsoft is a versatile company it produces series of products and services which caters different market segments, and according to every particular segments they developed their specific strategy for different product segments. a. Overall cost leadership Microsoft’s has out scoured its major software houses towards Asian markets, that help them to develop efficient and yet low cost softwares with low overhead or manufacturing cost.The added benefit of companies going globally is that they get access to their local market, and one of the reasons Microsoft has established software house in India is to expand their Indian market share. b. Differentiation The other strategy which Microsoft is keep following since very early stages, is of their differentiated products and softwar es. With the launch of Windows the most user friendly and c. Focus Microsoft has narrow down its market segments, they identified the need of their customers and created segments within the segments.For example at first there was only one segment of computer games lovers but now Microsoft has narrow down this segment and created a separate gaming console for gamers called Microsoft Xbox 360. 1. 8 Implementation Plans As a marketing adviser, I would redefine the marketing structure by improving their segmentation, targeting and positioning strategies. Last year Microsoft launched Xbox 360 gaming console, it was segmented for kids to teens gaming needs and it was positioned as a complete home entertainment solutions which merges video gaming, internet and DVD playback.The Xbox 360 is the most robust and high tech gaming console in current market. Sony Playstation 2 is currently the market leader with almost more than 50% of the gaming console market share. The Xbox was launched the pr evious year and positioned as the complete home entertainment solution combine video gaming, the Internet and DVD playback. The Xbox is the most robust gaming console on the market, but faces stiff competition in its product category. Microsoft is trying its level best to become the market leader in this category by dethroning Sony.To accomplish this goal, Microsoft has to restructure its targeting strategy; specifically they should stick to a specific age group people so that they could focus their efforts on them. They should more focus on people aged between 16 to 24, due to the high tech device and this age group are very high gamers. This age group people are substantial knowledge how to use high tech equipment and themselves fascinated by the entire features Microsoft is offering. Secondly, these age group people are good source of marketers by influencing their friends and family circles by introducing them and flavouring them its joy.Considering various opportunities and cha llenges ahead, Microsoft must continue to narrow down their campaign specifically on the heavy male gamers, since this demographic category are usually trendsetters in the society and they are even very early innovators too. Microsoft should work out on the differentiation strategy, in the current market scenario Microsoft is the only one who is offering online and network gaming on their gaming consoles where as Sony and Nintendo are not offering such features, so Microsoft should invest more capital for marketing in such area which make them set ahead among their competitors.In the software development side, Microsoft is facing huge customers losses by one of its competitors namely OpenOffice, they are offering complete range of office softwares free of cost, thus giving very tough time to Microsoft Office software, in such critical situation my opinion would be going towards differentiated strategy.Technically Microsoft should develop such uniqueness in their Office software so t hat customers (majority of them are students) can’t think to adopt free softwares rather than paid one, customers should have high perception in their mind that paid must have great value rather than free one. This can be achieved if Microsoft creates a monopoly by creating incompatible extensions of Office which can only be viewed and edited on exclusively Microsoft Office. Bibliography Hollensen, S. (2004). Marketing Management.Illinois: Pearson Education Limited. Kotler, P. (2002). Marketing Management (Eleventh ed. ). California: Prentice. Microsoft Corporation. (2010). About Microsoft: Your Potential. Our Passion. Retrieved March 12, 2010, from Microsoft Website: http://www. microsoft. com/About/default. mspx Microsoft Corporation. (2009, December 4). Our Commitment to Our Customers. Retrieved March 12, 2010, from Microsoft Corporation Website: http://www. microsoft. com/about/companyinformation/ourbusinesses/business. mspx

Societal Implication Of Nanotechnology In Soil Improvement Environmental Sciences Essay

Abstract-Nanotechnology is an exciting and quickly emerging engineering leting us to work, pull strings and make tools, stuffs and constructions at the molecular degree, frequently atom by atom into functional constructions holding nanometer dimensions. Both developed and developing states are puting in this engineering to hold a market portion. Soil direction is playing of import function in agribusiness sector. Nanotechnology has opened up new chances to progress alimentary usage efficiency. With nanofertilizers comes out as options to conventional fertilisers, some researches had been conduct to better dirt direction, such as controlled release fertilisers ( CRF ) which released their alimentary contents bit by bit to carry through with the alimentary demand of a works. The social deductions of nanotechnology in dirt betterment emerged in many facets such as nanotechnology-specific ordinance should be introduced, compulsory labeling of all nanoproducts in nutrients is required ( o rdinance facet ) , nanomaterials in dirt fertiliser may make new possible wellness hazards, nanofertilizer may make new sorts of taint in dirts and waterways ( environment facet ) , marginalize poorer husbandmans ( economic system facets ) . The dirt betterment by nanotechnology must followed by a good direction and control from maker, authorities, public, and interest holders to undertake unwanted or negative deductions moreover. Keywords ; nanotechnology ; soil betterment ; controlled release fertilisers Introduction Nanotechnology has been described as the following new industrial revolution. Nanotechnology is broad involvement all over the universe and brings a new imaginativeness. The development of the topic has multiplied exponentially from a few old ages because of possibility to do things better and cheaper. The US National Nanotechnology Initiative ( NNI ) calls it â€Å" nanotechnology † merely if it contain all of the undermentioned: Research and engineering development from the atomic, molecular to macromolecular degrees, in graduated table of about 1 – 100 nanometre scope, bring forthing and utilizing constructions, devices and systems that have alone belongingss and maps, and capableness to command on the atomic graduated table. A nanometre is one-billionth of a metre. The thickness of a sheet of paper is about 100,000 nanometres ; diameter of a individual gold atom is about a 3rd of a nanometre. Different physical, chemical, and biological belongingss can look in stuff s at the nanoscale. These belongingss may be different from the belongingss of majority stuffs and individual atoms or molecules. The first ground why nanotechnology can germinate and emerge significantly because the intensifying research Fieldss of nanotechnology are normally thought to be extremely multidisciplinary because they come together from many countries of scientific discipline and engineering to do of import progresss ( Figure 1 ) . The word convergence means the united from different waies of antecedently tantamount but independent countries of scientific discipline and engineering. Second ground, Nanotechnology can be applied in many sectors from agribusiness, chemical, telecom, energy, and many more ( Figure 2 ) . It helps sectors to make new and advanced merchandises which better, more efficient, effectual, and cheaper. Figure 1. The place of nanoscience and nanotechnology over a basal map of scientific discipline in Science Citation Index ( SCI ) Both developed and developing states are puting in this engineering to obtain better market distribution. At 2004, the first state which had invested 2.943 billion Euros is USA. The 2nd is Japan about 2.29 billion Euros and the 3rd is the European Union about 1.94 billion Euros ( Figure 3 ) . The sum of support in developing states may be lesser ; nevertheless this has non turn down the impact of some states on the worldwide phase. India, South Korea, Iran, and Thailand are besides investing with applications particular to their economic development and demands of their states. Nanotechnologies may offer new solutions for the 1000000s of people in developing states who are short of accessing to indispensable demands, such as nutrient, H2O, energy, wellness attention, and instruction. Food Agriculture Organization ( FAO ) calculates about that 1.02 billion people are hungry all around the universe in 2009. The United Nations has agreed to construct Millennium Development Goals ( MDG ) for work outing the jobs. One of MDG Goals is to extinguish utmost poorness and hungriness. This end can be achieved by nanotechnology encouragements harvest ‘s productiveness in agricultural sector. A new fertiliser, a better nutrient processing, and a new efficient and safe pesticides can be achieved by a new detector or techniques with nanotechnology enabled. Figure 3. Worldwide public and private outgo in 2004 Nanotechnologies may offer new solutions for the 1000000s of people in developing states who are short of accessing to indispensable demands, such as nutrient, H2O, energy, wellness attention, and instruction. Food Agriculture Organization ( FAO ) calculates about that 1.02 billion people are hungry all around the universe in 2009. The United Nations has agreed to construct Millennium Development Goals ( MDG ) for work outing the jobs. One of MDG Goals is to extinguish utmost poorness and hungriness. This end can be achieved by nanotechnology encouragements harvest ‘s productiveness in agricultural sector. A new fertiliser, a better nutrient processing, and a new efficient and safe pesticides can be achieved by a new detector or techniques with nanotechnology enabled. Soil direction is playing of import function in agribusiness sector. Dirts are composite mixtures of solids with atom sizes about from nanometres to millimetres. Nanotechnology has brought up new chances to progress alimentary usage efficiency. With nanofertilizers emerging as replacement to conventional fertilisers, repairing foods in dirts better. It has helped to unwrap to new findings that works roots and micro-organisms can straight pick up alimentary ions from solid stage of minerals. Some researches had been done to better dirt direction, such as controlled release fertilisers ( CRF ) which is released their alimentary contents bit by bit to carry through the alimentary demand of a works. In 1996, the Polish applied a mixture of polysulfone and polyacrylonitrile as the surfacing stuff, and construct the industrial application of the fertiliser. The latest research is â€Å" Super combined fertiliser † and pesticide conducted by Pakistan-US Science and Technology Coopera tive Program 2006 to do fertiliser with slow release of active component, and application of fertiliser merely needs one clip through the life of the harvest. Figure 2. Nanotechnology toward perpendicular sectors The merchandises had been available in market which contains nanomaterials such as Primo MAXX works growing regulator which is manufactured by Syngenta. It contains 100nm atom size emulsion which alleged the highly little atom size allows Primo MAXX to intermix wholly with H2O and non remain in a spray armored combat vehicle. The last is Geohumus Soil Wetting Agent which is manufactured by Geohumus. It contains biocompatible high public presentation polymer which alleged dirt foil with H2O storage capacity based on nanotechnology. As nanotechnology improves the dirt direction patterns particularly in nanofertilizer, therefore hiking productiveness of harvests, there will be many deductions in society on many facets. The facets that we will discourse are ordinance, wellness issue, environments, and economic system. This paper seeks to help common people to understand the deductions and therefore assisting people to expect and extenuate any jobs or negatives deductions.DiscussionRegulationThere are four chief issues in ordinance facet. They are precautional rule, hazard direction ordinance, compulsory labeling and transparence. First issue is precautional rule. Nanomaterials in nanofertilizer should be regard as a new chemical affair and should be treated in precautional rule. The precautional rule is principle in moral and political that if action, policy, or merchandise may do injury to the people or to environment, where there is no scientific discipline cogent evidence otherwise, the duty to turn out is on t he people who taking the action. Before nanofertilizer available in market, the authorities should analyze from the fiction procedure until waste direction ( cradle to sculpt appraisals ) . Government must utilize precautional attack to halt the release of manufactured nanomaterials until there is sufficient cogent evidence that the benefits out without any bad effects. Nanotechnology-specific ordinance should be published to protect the populace, workers and the environment from impending new hazards related with nanotoxicity [ 14 ] . Second issue is risk direction ordinance. The authorities must hold a hazard direction ordinance about nanomaterials in nanofertilizer. Risk direction consists of jeopardy appraisal, jeopardy word picture, and exposure appraisal. Hazard appraisals are designation of the intrinsic capacity of a substance to do harmful effects, without trouble of such effects and quantitative rating of bad effects following exposure to a chemical stuff. Exposure appraisal is quantitative rating of exposure of worlds and the environment to the substance. Risk word picture is quantitative appraisal of the chance that a bad consequence will happen, and of its trouble and period under defined exposure fortunes [ 16 ] . Third issue is compulsory labeling. Compulsory labeling of all nanofoods is needed to do people to take the nutrients what is good for them [ 15 ] . Labeling is of import issue because it can consequence of nanofood ‘s sale. Many manufacturers love to conceal the facts that their merchandises grew utilizing nanofertilizer because many people afraid to purchase a new engineering in their nutrient. This job can be solved by market instruction through a batch and good of advertisement and authorities blessing. The last issue is transparency. Public must cognize all relevant informations related to safety rating, and the methodological analysiss used to obtain them. The populace should hold the chance to be involved in determination doing about in the nanofood and agribusiness sector with nanotechnology enabled. Manufacturers and ordinance must work together to do certain that their merchandises have been passed appropriate safety testing, and must give the relevant informations about the wellness and environmental safety of their merchandise [ 14 ] .HealthNanomaterials in nanofertilizer may make new possible hazards. The grounds are nanomaterials are more reactive, greater entree than larger atoms. This leads into nanotoxic that may impact human immune system and longer clip. Human may hold nanomaterial and acquire ill because the defensive system is non good at taking nanomaterial which is more adhesive and easy to infiltrate into human tissues and cells. A new device or detector is needed to observe happenings of nanomaterials in human organic structure. The detector should be accurate, fast, and easy to utilize for ordinary people like thermometer. As nanomaterial had taken to human organic structure, we need tools, medical specialty or surgery process to take unwanted nanomaterials. The medical specialty should be cheaper and easy to get where nanofertilizer applied. The workers in nanofertilizer fiction may hold higher degrees of nanomaterial exposure than the populace. The husbandman and the workers who applied nanofertilizer are more vulnerable to nanomaterial exposures. Therefore, a lastingness and good defender such as a new masquerader and glove must be worn all the times when using nanofertilizer. The standard process operation ( SOP ) when using nanofertilizer should be more item and accurate than SOP in ordinary chemical fertiliser.EnviromentAgricultural merchandises incorporating nanomaterials from production, usage, and disposal will dispatch nanomaterials into the environment. There is a alteration when nanofertilizer will hold bad ecological consequence to environment worse than conventional fertiliser because of let go ofing new sorts of dirt and waterway ‘s taint [ 14 ] . Conventional fertiliser showed some bad consequence such as overgrowth H2O jacinth and algae in pool because of inordinate food in the H2O, therefore killin g other being beneath the works. The rain can rinse off nanofertilizer from dirts to waterways. Nanomaterials in nanofertilizer can respond with micro-organism in the H2O. It may ensue in micro-organism loss or booming. The environment may besides endure from uncontrolled growing of unwanted workss. Some waterways in few states used as natural stuff to carry through H2O supplies. A new H2O filter is needed to take unwanted nanomaterials to clean up the H2O before administering to community. Some utile bacteriums in the dirt may endure because reaction with nanomaterials or in other ways unwanted bacteriums is dining therefore it do land debasement. The effects of nanofertilizer even in really small life should be monitored all the timesEconomyThe agribusiness and nutrient industries show nanotechnology patents have been increased really fast. Patents on seeds, pesticide, fertiliser and other techniques in agribusiness and nutrient are already controlled amongst a few large corporations in several developed states. N anotechnology is high barrier engineering, means lone states with good fiscal beginnings and good committedness can command and monopolise nanotechnology along with private companies. Nanofertilizer ‘s monetary value and supply in the universe may order merely by a few companies in developed states. These developed states normally introduce the new engineering into developing states by government-government ( G-G ) understandings. The developed states provide nanofertilizer with inexpensive monetary value in 5 or 10 old ages to developing husbandmans in the name of assistance. If the husbandman is going depended on nanofertilizer to hike their harvest ‘s productiveness, the companies will increase the monetary value and play the supplies to the husbandman. Some states may subsidise the husbandman to purchase nanofertilizer. The companies will hold net income enormously because the husbandman in developing states is abundant. In the terminal, husbandman in developing states may be marginalising of this capitalist economy actionDecisionsNanotechnology is an emerging new engineering. Nanotechnology has opened up new opportunities to better food usage efficiency. The development of nanofertilizer should be good calculated with sustainable agribusiness patterns to extinguish po orness and hungriness in the universe. Hiking the harvests ‘ productiveness is the same importance as prolonging the environment and human wellness. The dirt betterment by nanotechnology must followed by a good direction and control from industry, authorities, public, and interest holders to undertake unwanted or negative deductions furthermore